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The main industrial use of nitric acid is for the production of fertilizers. Nitric acid is neutralized with ammonia to give ammonium nitrate. This application consumes 75–80% of the 26 million tonnes produced annually (1987). The other main applications are for the production of explosives, nylon precursors, and specialty organic compounds. [39]
Fuming nitric acid contaminated with yellow nitrogen dioxide. Nitric acid (HNO 3) is by far the most important and the most stable of the nitrogen oxoacids. It is one of the three most used acids (the other two being sulfuric acid and hydrochloric acid) and was first discovered by the alchemists in the 13th century. It is made by catalytic ...
The Ostwald process begins with burning ammonia.Ammonia burns in oxygen at temperature about 900 °C (1,650 °F) and pressure up to 8 standard atmospheres (810 kPa) [4] in the presence of a catalyst such as platinum gauze, alloyed with 10% rhodium to increase its strength and nitric oxide yield, platinum metal on fused silica wool, copper or nickel to form nitric oxide (nitrogen(II) oxide) and ...
Ammonia is used in its anhydrous form (a gas) and the nitric acid is concentrated. The reaction is violent owing to its highly exothermic nature. After the solution is formed, typically at about 83% concentration, the excess water is evaporated off to leave an ammonium nitrate (AN) content of 95% to 99.9% concentration (AN melt), depending on ...
In the NO − 3 anion, the oxidation state of the central nitrogen atom is V (+5). This corresponds to the highest possible oxidation number of nitrogen. Nitrate is a potentially powerful oxidizer as evidenced by its explosive behaviour at high temperature when it is detonated in ammonium nitrate (NH 4 NO 3), or black powder, ignited by the shock wave of a primary explosive.
Mercury(II) nitrate is an inorganic compound with the chemical formula Hg(N O 3) 2. It is the mercury(II) salt of nitric acid HNO 3. It contains mercury(II) cations Hg 2+ and nitrate anions NO − 3, and water of crystallization H 2 O in the case of a hydrous salt. Mercury(II) nitrate forms hydrates Hg(NO 3) 2 ·xH 2 O.
A newer method uses methyl iodide and silver nitrate: [4] CH 3 I + AgNO 3 → CH 3 NO 3 + AgI. Methyl nitrate can be produced on a laboratory or industrial scale either through the distillation of a mixture of methanol and nitric acid, or by the nitration of methanol by a mixture of sulfuric and nitric acids.
Mixture of nitric and acetic acids or nitric acid and acetic anhydride is commercially important in the production of RDX, as amines are destructed by sulfuric acid. Acetyl nitrate had also been used as a nitration agent. [14] [15] In the Wolffenstein–Böters reaction, benzene reacts with nitric acid and mercury(II) nitrate to give picric acid.