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This timeline lists significant discoveries in physics and the laws of nature, including experimental discoveries, theoretical proposals that were confirmed experimentally, and theories that have significantly influenced current thinking in modern physics. Such discoveries are often a multi-step, multi-person process.
The timeline begins at the Bronze Age, as it is difficult to give even estimates for the timing of events prior to this, such as of the discovery of counting, natural numbers and arithmetic. To avoid overlap with timeline of historic inventions , the timeline does not list examples of documentation for manufactured substances and devices unless ...
Geometric diagram for Newton's proof of Kepler's second law. 1602-1608 – Galileo Galilei experiments with pendulum motion and inclined planes; deduces his law of free fall; and discovers that projectiles travel along parabolic trajectories.
1676 – Ole Rømer gives the first piece of evidence that the speed of light is finite, through his observation of the moons of Jupiter; [2] the discovery divides scientists of his time. [3] 1690 – Christiaan Huygens gives the first estimate of the speed of light in air or vacuum, based on Rømer’s work.
2000 – CERN announced quark-gluon plasma, a new phase of matter. [28]2023 – Physicists from US and China discovered a new state of matter called the chiral bose-liquid state [29]
This is a timeline of subatomic particle discoveries, including all particles thus far discovered which appear to be elementary (that is, indivisible) given the best available evidence. It also includes the discovery of composite particles and antiparticles that were of particular historical importance.
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The discovery finally convinces the physics community of the quark model's validity. 1974 Robert J. Buenker and Sigrid D. Peyerimhoff introduce the multireference configuration interaction method. 1975 Martin Perl discovers the tau lepton; 1977 Leon Lederman observes the bottom quark with his team at Fermilab. [30]