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  2. pH - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PH

    A strong acid, such as hydrochloric acid, at concentration 1 mol dm −3 has a pH of 0, while a strong alkali like sodium hydroxide, at the same concentration, has a pH of 14. Since pH is a logarithmic scale, a difference of one in pH is equivalent to a tenfold difference in hydrogen ion concentration.

  3. Logarithmic scale - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Logarithmic_scale

    A base-10 log scale is used for the Y-axis of the bottom left graph, and the Y-axis ranges from 0.1 to 1000. The top right graph uses a log-10 scale for just the X-axis, and the bottom right graph uses a log-10 scale for both the X axis and the Y-axis. Presentation of data on a logarithmic scale can be helpful when the data:

  4. Acid dissociation constant - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acid_dissociation_constant

    At half-neutralization the ratio ⁠ [A −] / [HA] ⁠ = 1; since log(1) = 0, the pH at half-neutralization is numerically equal to pK a. Conversely, when pH = pK a, the concentration of HA is equal to the concentration of A −. The buffer region extends over the approximate range pK a ± 2. Buffering is weak outside the range pK a ± 1.

  5. Bjerrum plot - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bjerrum_plot

    Example Bjerrum plot: Change in carbonate system of seawater from ocean acidification.. A Bjerrum plot (named after Niels Bjerrum), sometimes also known as a Sillén diagram (after Lars Gunnar Sillén), or a Hägg diagram (after Gunnar Hägg) [1] is a graph of the concentrations of the different species of a polyprotic acid in a solution, as a function of pH, [2] when the solution is at ...

  6. Acidity function - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acidity_function

    The pH scale is by far the most commonly used acidity function, and is ideal for dilute aqueous solutions. Other acidity functions have been proposed for different environments, most notably the Hammett acidity function, H 0, [3] for superacid media and its modified version H − for superbasic media.

  7. Sigmoid function - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sigmoid_function

    Titration curves between strong acids and strong bases have a sigmoid shape due to the logarithmic nature of the pH scale. The logistic function can be calculated efficiently by utilizing type III Unums. [8]

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  9. Logarithm - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Logarithm

    Logarithmic scales reduce wide-ranging quantities to smaller scopes. For example, the decibel (dB) is a unit used to express ratio as logarithms, mostly for signal power and amplitude (of which sound pressure is a common example). In chemistry, pH is a logarithmic measure for the acidity of an aqueous solution.