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In World War II, Switzerland, and to a lesser extent Sweden and the United States, performed these roles for both sides. When the US entered the war in late 1941, Switzerland took over its mandates. In terms of major roles Swiss diplomats had the mandate to protect Germany's interest in Britain, the United States, Yugoslavia, Turkey, and Dutch ...
The Protestant Reformation in Switzerland was promoted initially by Huldrych Zwingli, who gained the support of the magistrate, Mark Reust, and the population of Zürich in the 1520s. It led to significant changes in civil life and state matters in Zürich and spread to several other cantons of the Old Swiss Confederacy .
1.2 Reformation (1523–1648) 1.3 Ancien Régime (1648–1798) ... Aerial incidents in Switzerland in World War II: Switzerland: United States Army Air Forces;
A Companion to the Swiss Reformation (Brill, 2016). ISBN 978-90-04-30102-3; Church, Clive H., and Randolph C. Head. A Concise History of Switzerland (Cambridge University Press, 2013). pp. 132–161 online; Codevilla, Angelo M. Between the Alps and a Hard Place: Switzerland in World War II and the Rewriting of History (2000) excerpt and text search
Competing land claims in eastern Switzerland and western Austria led to the Old Zurich War. [7] 1436: 8 June: Creation of the League of the Ten Jurisdictions in Graubünden after the extinction of the Counts of Toggenburg. [8] 1440-1450: Old Zurich War between Zurich and the Habsburgs against the remainder of the Confederation over the ...
The military history of Switzerland comprises centuries of armed actions, and the role of the Swiss military in conflicts and peacekeeping worldwide. Despite maintaining neutrality since its independence from the Holy Roman Empire in 1499, [1] Switzerland has been involved in military operations dating back to the hiring of Swiss mercenaries by foreign nations, including the Papal States.
Huldrych or Ulrich Zwingli [a] [b] (1 January 1484 – 11 October 1531) was a Swiss Christian theologian, musician, and leader of the Reformation in Switzerland.Born during a time of emerging Swiss patriotism and increasing criticism of the Swiss mercenary system, he attended the University of Vienna and the University of Basel, a scholarly center of Renaissance humanism.
A Short History of Switzerland (1952) online; Church, Clive H., and Randolph C. Head. A Concise History of Switzerland (Cambridge University Press, 2013). pp 132–61 online; Codevilla, Angelo M. Between the Alps and a Hard Place: Switzerland in World War II and the Rewriting of History (2000) excerpt and text search; Dawson, William Harbutt.