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Type 1 diabetes, also known as "juvenile-onset" diabetes is increasing in children and adolescents under the age of 15. [132] Type 1 diabetes is an autoimmune disease where the body attacks the beta-cells produced by the pancreas; therefore, causing the body to have insulin deficiency. [133]
Sideroblastic anemia, or sideroachrestic anemia, is a form of anemia in which the bone marrow produces ringed sideroblasts rather than healthy red blood cells (erythrocytes). [1] In sideroblastic anemia, the body has iron available but cannot incorporate it into hemoglobin , which red blood cells need in order to transport oxygen efficiently.
The normal range for hemoglobin is 13.8 to 17.2 grams per deciliter (g/dL) for men and 12.1 to 15.1 g/dL for women. [6] Low hemoglobin indicates anemia but the individual will be normal for LID. [5] Normal serum iron is between 60 and 170 micrograms per dL (μg/dL). [7] Normal total iron-binding capacity for both sexes is 240 to 450 μg/dL. [6]
Iron deficiency, or sideropenia, is the state in which a body lacks enough iron to supply its needs. Iron is present in all cells in the human body and has several vital functions, such as carrying oxygen to the tissues from the lungs as a key component of the hemoglobin protein, acting as a transport medium for electrons within the cells in the form of cytochromes, and facilitating oxygen ...
Iron-deficiency anemia affected about 1.48 billion people in 2015. [6] A lack of dietary iron is estimated to cause approximately half of all anemia cases globally. [12] Women and young children are most commonly affected. [3] In 2015, anemia due to iron deficiency resulted in about 54,000 deaths – down from 213,000 deaths in 1990. [7] [13]
If the cells are small, it is called microcytic anemia; if they are large, it is called macrocytic anemia; and if they are normal sized, it is called normocytic anemia. [1] The diagnosis of anemia in men is based on a hemoglobin of less than 130 to 140 g/L (13 to 14 g/dL); in women, it is less than 120 to 130 g/L (12 to 13 g/dL).
Hemoglobin Lepore syndrome is typically an asymptomatic hemoglobinopathy, which is caused by an autosomal recessive genetic mutation.The Hb Lepore variant, consisting of two normal alpha globin chains (HBA) and two delta-beta globin fusion chains which occurs due to a "crossover" between the delta (HBD) and beta globin (HBB) gene loci during meiosis and was first identified in the Lepore ...
Often there is mild to severe anemia (low red blood cells or hemoglobin) as thalassemia can affect the production of red blood cells and also affect how long the red blood cells live. [1] Symptoms include tiredness , pallor , bone problems, an enlarged spleen , jaundice , pulmonary hypertension , and dark urine. [ 1 ]