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The Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) is a widely used screening assessment for detecting cognitive impairment. [1] It was created in 1996 by Ziad Nasreddine in Montreal, Quebec. It was validated in the setting of mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and has subsequently been adopted in numerous other clinical settings. This test consists of 30 ...
Treatment Depends on cause [ 3 ] (See cause) Pulmonary (or pulmonic [ 4 ] ) regurgitation (or insufficiency , incompetence ) is a condition in which the pulmonary valve is incompetent [ 5 ] and allows backflow from the pulmonary artery to the right ventricle of the heart during diastole . [ 6 ]
Pulmonary valve diseases are the least common heart valve disease in adults. [1] [4] Pulmonary valve stenosis is often the result of congenital malformations and is observed in isolation or as part of a larger pathologic process, as in Tetralogy of Fallot, Noonan syndrome, and congenital rubella syndrome. Unless the degree of stenosis is severe ...
Aortic valve repair or aortic valve reconstruction describes the reconstruction of both form and function of the native and dysfunctioning aortic valve. Most frequently it is applied for the treatment of aortic regurgitation. It can also become necessary for the treatment of an aortic aneurysm, less frequently for congenital aortic stenosis. [53]
Anticoagulants: To prevent embolization.. Beta blockers: To block the effects of certain hormones on the heart to slow the heart rate.. Calcium Channel Blockers: Help slow the heart rate by blocking the number of electrical impulses that pass through the AV node into the lower heart chambers (ventricles).
In 1996, after his fellowship, he decided to adapt his comprehensive screen and create a much quicker comprehensive assessment that is adapted to first-line specialty clinics with a high volume of patients. In 2005, the MoCA test was validated for clinical use. [2]
An opening snap that is a high-pitch additional sound may be heard after the A 2 (aortic) component of the second heart sound (S 2), which correlates to the forceful opening of the mitral valve. The mitral valve opens when the pressure in the left atrium is greater than the pressure in the left ventricle.
MOCA (protein), a protein involved in cell signaling; Moca, a nickname for Andira inermis; MOCA, an application runtime environment and programming language by Blue Yonder; Minimum obstacle clearance altitude; Multimedia over Coax Alliance (MoCA), an industry group which develops specifications for home networking over residential coaxial cable