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A pyrgeometer is a device that measures near-surface infra-red (IR) radiation, approximately from 4.5 μm to 100 μm on the electromagnetic spectrum (thereby excluding solar radiation). It measures the resistance / voltage changes in a material that is sensitive to the net energy transfer by radiation that occurs between itself and its ...
The Automatic Calculation project is to create the tools to make those steps as automatic (or programmed) as possible: I Feynman rules, coupling and mass generation LanHEP is an example of Feynman rules generation. Some model needs an additional step to compute, based on some parameters, the mass and coupling of new predicted particles.
"High school physics textbooks" (PDF). Reports on high school physics. American Institute of Physics; Zitzewitz, Paul W. (2005). Physics: principles and problems. New York: Glencoe/McGraw-Hill. ISBN 978-0078458132
The earliest example of a pyrometer thought to be in existence is the Hindley Pyrometer held by the London Science Museum, dating from 1752, produced for the Royal collection. The pyrometer was a well known enough instrument that it was described in some detail by the mathematician Euler in 1760.
For example, renormalization in QED modifies the mass of the free field electron to match that of a physical electron (with an electromagnetic field), and will in doing so add a term to the free field Lagrangian which must be cancelled by a counterterm in the interaction Lagrangian, that then shows up as a two-line vertex in the Feynman diagrams.
A Fermi problem (or Fermi question, Fermi quiz), also known as an order-of-magnitude problem, is an estimation problem in physics or engineering education, designed to teach dimensional analysis or approximation of extreme scientific calculations. Fermi problems are usually back-of-the-envelope calculations.
By the 1964–1965 school year, about half the US students enrolled in high school physics (200,000 students, 5000 teachers) were reportedly using the PSSC course materials. [6] However, considerable resistance developed among some teachers to the disruption of traditional methods of teaching.
FORM has been the essential tool to calculate the higher-order QCD beta function. The mathematical structure of multiple zeta values has been researched with dedicated FORM programs. [2] The software package FormCalc which is widely used in the physics community to calculate Feynman diagrams is built on top of FORM.