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For instance, the sequence 5, 7, 9, 11, 13, 15, . . . is an arithmetic progression with a common difference of 2. If the initial term of an arithmetic progression is a 1 {\displaystyle a_{1}} and the common difference of successive members is d {\displaystyle d} , then the n {\displaystyle n} -th term of the sequence ( a n {\displaystyle a_{n ...
Knuth's up-arrow notation. In mathematics, Knuth's up-arrow notation is a method of notation for very large integers, introduced by Donald Knuth in 1976. [1] In his 1947 paper, [2] R. L. Goodstein introduced the specific sequence of operations that are now called hyperoperations. Goodstein also suggested the Greek names tetration, pentation ...
Lucky number. In number theory, a lucky number is a natural number in a set which is generated by a certain "sieve". This sieve is similar to the sieve of Eratosthenes that generates the primes, but it eliminates numbers based on their position in the remaining set, instead of their value (or position in the initial set of natural numbers). [1]
A simple fraction (also known as a common fraction or vulgar fraction, where vulgar is Latin for "common") is a rational number written as a / b or , where a and b are both integers. [9] As with other fractions, the denominator (b) cannot be zero. Examples include 1 2 , − 8 5 , −8 5 , and 8 −5 .
In the mathematics of sums of powers, it is an open problem to characterize the numbers that can be expressed as a sum of three cubes of integers, allowing both positive and negative cubes in the sum. A necessary condition for an integer to equal such a sum is that cannot equal 4 or 5 modulo 9, because the cubes modulo 9 are 0, 1, and −1, and ...
In mathematics, the Leibniz formula for π, named after Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz, states that = + + = = +,. an alternating series.. It is sometimes called the Madhava–Leibniz series as it was first discovered by the Indian mathematician Madhava of Sangamagrama or his followers in the 14th–15th century (see Madhava series), [1] and was later independently rediscovered by James Gregory in ...
The only known powers of 2 with all digits even are 2^1 = 2, 2^2 = 4, 2^3 = 8, 2^6 = 64 and 2^11 = 2048. [11] The first 3 powers of 2 with all but last digit odd is 2^4 = 16, 2^5 = 32 and 2^9 = 512. The next such power of 2 of form 2^n should have n of at least 6 digits. The only powers of 2 with all digits distinct are 2^0 = 1 to 2^15 = 32768 ...
The products of small numbers may be calculated by using the squares of integers; for example, to calculate 13 × 17, one can remark 15 is the mean of the two factors, and think of it as (15 − 2) × (15 + 2), i.e. 15 2 − 2 2. Knowing that 15 2 is 225 and 2 2 is 4, simple subtraction shows that 225 − 4 = 221, which is the desired product.