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  2. Koch snowflake - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Koch_snowflake

    The Koch snowflake (also known as the Koch curve, Koch star, or Koch island [1] [2]) is a fractal curve and one of the earliest fractals to have been described. It is based on the Koch curve, which appeared in a 1904 paper titled "On a Continuous Curve Without Tangents, Constructible from Elementary Geometry" [3] by the Swedish mathematician Helge von Koch.

  3. Geometric series - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geometric_series

    The geometric series is an infinite series derived from a special type of sequence called a geometric progression, which is defined by just two parameters: the initial term and the common ratio . Finite geometric series have a third parameter, the final term's power.

  4. Fractal - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fractal

    Iterated function systems (IFS) – use fixed geometric replacement rules; may be stochastic or deterministic; [44] e.g., Koch snowflake, Cantor set, Haferman carpet, [45] Sierpinski carpet, Sierpinski gasket, Peano curve, Harter-Heighway dragon curve, T-square, Menger sponge

  5. Self-similarity - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Self-similarity

    Self-similarity is a typical property of fractals. Scale invariance is an exact form of self-similarity where at any magnification there is a smaller piece of the object that is similar to the whole. For instance, a side of the Koch snowflake is both symmetrical and scale-invariant; it can be continually magnified 3x without changing shape.

  6. Hausdorff dimension - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hausdorff_dimension

    The intuitive concept of dimension of a geometric object X is the number of independent parameters one needs to pick out a unique point inside. However, any point specified by two parameters can be instead specified by one, because the cardinality of the real plane is equal to the cardinality of the real line (this can be seen by an argument involving interweaving the digits of two numbers to ...

  7. List of fractals by Hausdorff dimension - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_fractals_by...

    Three anti-snowflakes arranged in a way that a koch-snowflake forms in between the anti-snowflakes. ⁡ 1.2619: Koch curve: 3 Koch curves form the Koch snowflake or the anti-snowflake. ⁡ 1.2619: boundary of Terdragon curve: L-system: same as dragon curve with angle = 30°.

  8. Menger sponge - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Menger_sponge

    A Mosely snowflake is a cube-based fractal with corners recursively removed. [16] A tetrix is a tetrahedron-based fractal made from four smaller copies, arranged in a tetrahedron. [17] A Sierpinski–Menger snowflake is a cube-based fractal in which eight corner cubes and one central cube are kept each time at the lower and lower recursion steps.

  9. Chaos theory - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chaos_theory

    An object whose irregularity is constant over different scales ("self-similarity") is a fractal (examples include the Menger sponge, the Sierpiński gasket, and the Koch curve or snowflake, which is infinitely long yet encloses a finite space and has a fractal dimension of circa 1.2619).