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Kite (geometry) A kite, showing its pairs of equal-length sides and its inscribed circle. In Euclidean geometry, a kite is a quadrilateral with reflection symmetry across a diagonal. Because of this symmetry, a kite has two equal angles and two pairs of adjacent equal-length sides. Kites are also known as deltoids, [ 1 ] but the word deltoid ...
A Penrose tiling is an example of an aperiodic tiling. Here, a tiling is a covering of the plane by non-overlapping polygons or other shapes, and a tiling is aperiodic if it does not contain arbitrarily large periodic regions or patches. However, despite their lack of translational symmetry, Penrose tilings may have both reflection symmetry and ...
Equivalently, a convex set or a convex region is a set that intersects every line in a line segment, single point, or the empty set. [ 1 ][ 2 ] For example, a solid cube is a convex set, but anything that is hollow or has an indent, for example, a crescent shape, is not convex. The boundary of a convex set in the plane is always a convex curve.
In mathematics, analytic geometry, also known as coordinate geometry or Cartesian geometry, is the study of geometry using a coordinate system. This contrasts with synthetic geometry. Analytic geometry is used in physics and engineering, and also in aviation, rocketry, space science, and spaceflight.
In mathematics education, the Van Hiele model is a theory that describes how students learn geometry. The theory originated in 1957 in the doctoral dissertations of Dina van Hiele-Geldof and Pierre van Hiele (wife and husband) at Utrecht University, in the Netherlands. The Soviets did research on the theory in the 1960s and integrated their ...
1. A book, book graph, or triangular book is a complete tripartite graph K1,1,n; a collection of n triangles joined at a shared edge. 2. Another type of graph, also called a book, or a quadrilateral book, is a collection of 4 -cycles joined at a shared edge; the Cartesian product of a star with an edge. 3.
Jargon often appears in lectures, and sometimes in print, as informal shorthand for rigorous arguments or precise ideas. Much of this uses common English words, but with a specific non-obvious meaning when used in a mathematical sense. Some phrases, like "in general", appear below in more than one section.
In modern terms, an angle is the figure formed by two rays, called the sides of the angle, sharing a common endpoint, called the vertex of the angle. [57] The size of an angle is formalized as an angular measure. In Euclidean geometry, angles are used to study polygons and triangles, as well as forming an object of study in their own right. [43]