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1943–1959: S-matrix theory. String theory represents an outgrowth of S-matrix theory, [1] a research program begun by Werner Heisenberg in 1943 [2] following John Archibald Wheeler 's 1937 introduction of the S-matrix. [3] Many prominent theorists picked up and advocated S-matrix theory, starting in the late 1950s and throughout the 1960s.
String theory is a theoretical framework that attempts to address these questions and many others. The starting point for string theory is the idea that the point-like particles of particle physics can also be modeled as one-dimensional objects called strings. String theory describes how strings propagate through space and interact with each other.
Leonard Susskind. Leonard Susskind (/ ˈsʌskɪnd /; born June 16, 1940) [ 2 ][ 3 ] is an American theoretical physicist, Professor of theoretical physics at Stanford University and founding director of the Stanford Institute for Theoretical Physics. His research interests are string theory, quantum field theory, quantum statistical mechanics ...
Michio Kaku (Japanese: カク ミチオ, 加來 道雄, / ˈmiːtʃioʊˈkɑːkuː /; born January 24, 1947) is an American physicist, science communicator, futurologist, and writer of popular-science. He is a professor of theoretical physics at the City College of New York and the CUNY Graduate Center. Kaku is the author of several books about ...
Edward Witten (born August 26, 1951) is an American theoretical physicist known for his contributions to string theory, topological quantum field theory, and various areas of mathematics. He is a professor emeritus in the school of natural sciences at the Institute for Advanced Study in Princeton . [ 4 ]
Juan Martín Maldacena(born 10 September 1968) is an Argentine theoretical physicistand the Carl P. Feinberg Professor in the School of Natural Sciences at the Institute for Advanced Study, Princeton.[3] He has made significant contributions to the foundations of string theoryand quantum gravity. His most famous discovery is the AdS/CFT ...
Johnson founded the African Summer Theory Institute, "which brings teachers, researchers, and students of all levels together for a month-long conference on a science topic—a different one every year—to discuss, to network, and, of course, to learn." [18] Johnson is also the author of an introductory scientific graphic novel, The Dialogues ...
String art, created with thread and paper. A string art representing a projection of the 8-dimensional 4 21 polytope. Quadratic Béziers in string art: The end points (•) and control point (×) define the quadratic Bézier curve (⋯). The arc is a segment of a parabola. String art or pin and thread art, is characterized by an arrangement of ...