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Other minor denominations included 4 reales, 2 reales, 1 real, and 1/2 real. The 8 reales coin is the predecessor to the American dollar . Before the United States Mint was in production, columnarios circulated, along with other coinage, in the US colonies, as legal tender until the middle of the 19th century.
Coins were minted in both Spain and Latin America from the 16th to 19th centuries in silver 1 ⁄ 2, 1, 2, 4 and 8 reales nacionales and in gold 1 ⁄ 2, 1, 2, 4 and 8 escudos. The silver 8-real coin was known as the Spanish dollar (as the coin was minted to the specifications of the thaler of the Holy Roman Empire and Habsburg monarchy), peso ...
The real was the currency of Santo Domingo (now the Dominican Republic) until 1822. Some coins were struck locally which circulated alongside other Spanish colonial coins. The real was replaced by the Haitian gourde when Santo Domingo was taken over by Haïti. For later currencies of the Dominican Republic, see Dominican peso
Denominations: 1 ⁄ 4, 1 ⁄ 2, 1, 2, and 3 reales. (These coins are rare; perhaps only 300—400 specimens survive.) The 2 and 3-real coins were confused because of their similar size, so the 3 reales was discontinued in 1537. The 1 ⁄ 4 real was unpopular because of its small size; it was not minted after 1540.
Eight Spanish Escudos (1687) The first escudo was a gold coin introduced in 1535/1537, with coins denominated in escudos issued until 1833. It was initially worth 16 reales. When different reales were introduced, the escudo became worth 16 reales de plata in 1642, then 16 reales de plata fuerte or 40 reales de vellón from 1737.
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During the colonial period, silver coins were minted in denominations of 1 ⁄ 4, 1 ⁄ 2, 1, 2, 4 and 8 reales, with gold coins for 1 ⁄ 2, 1, 2, 4 and 8 escudos. In 1822, a provisional coinage was issued in the name of the Republic of Peru in denominations of 1 ⁄ 4 real, 1 ⁄ 8 and 1 ⁄ 4 peso (equal to 1 and 2 reales) and 8 reales.
The state of Buenos Aires issued its own coins starting in 1822, denominated in reales and décimos, with 10 décimos = 1 real. Coins were issued in denominations of 1, 5, 10 and 20 décimos, together with 1 ⁄ 4, 1 ⁄ 2 (actually shown as 5 ⁄ 10), 1 and 2 reales. They were all minted of copper. Other provinces issued coins denominated in ...