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The Perkins tonometer is a type of portable applanation tonometer, which may be useful in children, anesthetised patients who need to lie flat, or patients unable to co-operate with a sitting slit lamp examination, that yields clinical results comparable to the Goldmann.
Goldmann Applanation Tonometer attached with Slit lamp biomicroscope Goldmann Applanation Tonometer is an instrument that is based on Imbert-Fick law . It is considered to be the gold standard instrument for measurement of Intraocular pressure (IOP).
Armand Imbert (1850-1922) and Adolf Fick (1829-1901) both demonstrated, independently of each other, that in ocular tonometry the tension of the wall can be neutralized when the application of the tonometer produces a flat surface instead of a convex one, and the reading of the tonometer (P) then equals (T) the IOP," whence all forces cancel each other.
The Schiotz tonometer consists of a curved footplate which is placed on the cornea of a supine patient. A weighted plunger attached to the footplate sinks into the cornea. A scale then gives a reading depending on how much the plunger sinks into the cornea, and a conversion table converts the scale reading into IOP measured in mmHg.
A patient in front of a tonometer. Intraocular pressure (IOP) is the fluid pressure inside the eye. Tonometry is the method eye care professionals use to determine this. IOP is an important aspect in the evaluation of patients at risk of glaucoma. [1] Most tonometers are calibrated to measure pressure in millimeters of mercury .
Pure-tone audiometry is the main hearing test used to identify hearing threshold levels of an individual, enabling determination of the degree, type and configuration of a hearing loss [1] [2] and thus providing a basis for diagnosis and management.
Elwin Marg (March 23, 1918 – July 15, 2010) was an American optometrist and neuroscientist at the University of California at Berkeley.He was the first to receive a PhD from UC Berkeley School of Optometry.
A phoropter made by Reichert. Phoroptor is a registered trademark currently owned by Reichert Technologies, filed April 25, 1921, by DeZeng Standard of New Jersey, with the USPTO, serial number 71146698.