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Most pencil cores are made of graphite powder mixed with a clay binder. Graphite pencils (traditionally known as "lead pencils") produce grey or black marks that are easily erased, but otherwise resistant to moisture, most solvents, ultraviolet radiation and natural aging.
Graphite is characterized by two main groups: natural and synthetic. Synthetic graphite is a high temperature sintered product and is characterized by its high purity of carbon (99.5−99.9%). Primary grade synthetic graphite can approach the good lubricity of quality natural graphite. Natural graphite is derived from mining.
A mechanical pencil or clutch pencil is a pencil with a replaceable and mechanically extendable solid pigment core called a "lead" / ˈ l ɛ d /. The lead , often made of graphite , is not bonded to the outer casing, and the user can mechanically extend it as its point is worn away from use.
A copying pencil, also an indelible pencil or chemical pencil, [1] is a pencil whose lead contains a dye. The lead is fabricated by adding a dry water-soluble permanent dye to powdered graphite —used in standard graphite pencils—before binding the mixture with clay .
From the 16th century, all pencils were made with leads of English natural graphite, but modern pencil lead is most commonly a mix of powdered graphite and clay; it was invented by Nicolas-Jacques Conté in 1795. [60] [61] It is chemically unrelated to the metal lead, whose ores had a similar appearance, hence the continuation of the name.
Lead pencil may refer to: Pencil , a writing implement or art medium usually constructed of a narrow, solid pigment core inside a protective casing Mechanical pencil , a pencil with mechanically extendable solid pigment core called a lead
The graphite in pencils is mixed with clay during fabrication of the "lead" to help hold its shape, and would only burn at greater than 1,000 °C (1,832 °F). [ 10 ] The quantity of graphite particles actually produced during occasional writing would be too small to constitute an electrical hazard.
A variety of colored pencils. A colored pencil (American English), coloured pencil (Commonwealth English), [1] colour pencil (Indian English), map pencil, [2] pencil crayon, or coloured/colouring lead (Canadian English, Newfoundland English) is a type of pencil constructed of a narrow, pigmented core encased in a wooden cylindrical case.
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