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  2. Fischer–Tropsch process - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FischerTropsch_process

    The FischerTropsch process (FT) is a collection of chemical reactions that converts a mixture of carbon monoxide and hydrogen, known as syngas, into liquid hydrocarbons. These reactions occur in the presence of metal catalysts , typically at temperatures of 150–300 °C (302–572 °F) and pressures of one to several tens of atmospheres.

  3. Biomass to liquid - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biomass_to_liquid

    Catalytic fast pyrolysis. Catalytic fast pyrolysis is a fast process in which the cellulose is broken down to a liquid biofuel. In this approach the cellulose is heated to 500 degrees Celsius in less than one second in a chamber to break apart the molecules. The catalyst forms chemical reactions that remove oxygen bonds and form carbon rings.

  4. Coal liquefaction - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coal_liquefaction

    160,000 mt/a FischerTropsch liquids 2009 Jincheng MTG Plant Jincheng Anthracite Mining Co., Ltd. Jincheng, China CTL 300,000 t/a methanol from MTG process 2009 Sasol Synfuels Sasol (Pty) Ltd. Secunda, South Africa CTL 3,960,000 (Nm 3 /d) syngas capacity; FischerTropsch liquids 2011 Shanxi Lu'an CTL Plant Shanxi Lu'an Co. Ltd. Lu'an, China CTL

  5. Gas to liquids - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gas_to_liquids

    Gas to liquids (GTL) is a refinery process to convert natural gas or other gaseous hydrocarbons into longer-chain hydrocarbons, such as gasoline or diesel fuel. Methane -rich gases are converted into liquid synthetic fuels. Two general strategies exist: (i) direct partial combustion of methane to methanol and (ii) FischerTropsch -like ...

  6. E-diesel - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/E-diesel

    E-diesel is a synthetic diesel fuel for use in automobiles. Currently, e-diesel is created at two sites: by an Audi research facility Germany in partnership with a company named Sunfire, and in Texas. The fuel is created from carbon dioxide, water, and electricity with a process powered by renewable energy sources to create a liquid energy ...

  7. Water–gas shift reaction - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Water–gas_shift_reaction

    The water–gas shift reaction (WGSR) describes the reaction of carbon monoxide and water vapor to form carbon dioxide and hydrogen: CO + H 2 O ⇌ CO 2 + H 2. The water gas shift reaction was discovered by Italian physicist Felice Fontana in 1780. It was not until much later that the industrial value of this reaction was realized.

  8. Hydroformylation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydroformylation

    Hydroformylation of an alkene (R 1 to R 3 organyl groups (i. e. alkyl-or aryl group) or hydrogen). In organic chemistry, hydroformylation, also known as oxo synthesis or oxo process, is an industrial process for the production of aldehydes (R−CH=O) from alkenes (R 2 C=CR 2).

  9. Hans Tropsch - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hans_Tropsch

    Tropsch was born in Plan bei Marienbad, Sudet-German Bohemia at that time part of Austria-Hungary now Czech Republic. He studied at the German Charles-Ferdinand University in Prague and the German Technical University in Prague from 1907 until 1913. He received his Ph.D for work with Hans Meyer. Tropsch worked in a dye factory in Mülheim in ...