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Speed of sound. The speed of sound is the distance travelled per unit of time by a sound wave as it propagates through an elastic medium. More simply, the speed of sound is how fast vibrations travel. At 20 °C (68 °F), the speed of sound in air is about 343 m/s (1,125 ft/s; 1,235 km/h; 767 mph; 667 kn), or 1 km in 2.91 s or one mile in 4.69 s.
Sound intensity, also known as acoustic intensity, is defined as the power carried by sound waves per unit area in a direction perpendicular to that area. The SI unit of intensity, which includes sound intensity, is the watt per square meter (W/m 2). One application is the noise measurement of sound intensity in the air at a listener's location ...
1 / 10 bel. The decibel (symbol: dB) is a relative unit of measurement equal to one tenth of a bel (B). It expresses the ratio of two values of a power or root-power quantity on a logarithmic scale. Two signals whose levels differ by one decibel have a power ratio of 10 1/10 (approximately 1.26) or root-power ratio of 10 1/20 (approximately ...
Echo sounding is a special purpose application of sonar used to locate the bottom. Since a historical pre- SI unit of water depth was the fathom, an instrument used for determining water depth is sometimes called a fathometer. Most charted ocean depths are based on an average or standard sound speed.
A sound speed profile shows the speed of sound in water at different vertical levels. It has two general representations: tabular form, with pairs of columns corresponding to ocean depth and the speed of sound at that depth, respectively. a plot of the speed of sound in the ocean as a function of depth, where the vertical axis corresponds to ...
Sound is defined as " (a) Oscillation in pressure, stress, particle displacement, particle velocity, etc., propagated in a medium with internal forces (e.g., elastic or viscous), or the superposition of such propagated oscillation. (b) Auditory sensation evoked by the oscillation described in (a)." [2]
Sound power or acoustic power is the rate at which sound energy is emitted, reflected, transmitted or received, per unit time. [1] It is defined [2] as "through a surface, the product of the sound pressure, and the component of the particle velocity, at a point on the surface in the direction normal to the surface, integrated over that surface ...
Depth sounding. A sailor and a man on shore, both sounding the depth with a line. Depth sounding, often simply called sounding, is measuring the depth of a body of water. Data taken from soundings are used in bathymetry to make maps of the floor of a body of water, such as the seabed topography. Soundings were traditionally shown on nautical ...