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  2. Community (ecology) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Community_(ecology)

    A bear with a salmon. Interspecific interactions such as predation are a key aspect of community ecology.. In ecology, a community is a group or association of populations of two or more different species occupying the same geographical area at the same time, also known as a biocoenosis, biotic community, biological community, ecological community, or life assemblage.

  3. Analysis of similarities - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Analysis_of_similarities

    Analysis of similarities (ANOSIM) is a non-parametric statistical test widely used in the field of ecology.The test was first suggested by K. R. Clarke [1] as an ANOVA-like test, where instead of operating on raw data, operates on a ranked dissimilarity matrix.

  4. Hutchinson's rule - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hutchinson's_rule

    The rule's legitimacy has been questioned, as other categories of objects also exhibit size ratios of roughly 1.3. Studies done on interspecific competition and niche changes in Tits (Parus spp.) [4] show that when there are multiple species in the same community there is an expected change in foraging when they are of similar size (size ratio ...

  5. Ecological unit - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ecological_unit

    Community would be the collective dynamics amongst species and the habitat in which they live in. [6] Communities are most closely associated with habitats, which are more intimate than compared to ecosystems. Habitats signify a smaller, more specific region, while an ecosystem is a broader term that can encompass multiple habitats.

  6. Ecosystem ecology - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ecosystem_ecology

    Population, community, and physiological ecology provide many of the underlying biological mechanisms influencing ecosystems and the processes they maintain. Flowing of energy and cycling of matter at the ecosystem level are often examined in ecosystem ecology, but, as a whole, this science is defined more by subject matter than by scale.

  7. Food web - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Food_web

    A four level trophic pyramid sitting on a layer of soil and its community of decomposers. A three layer trophic pyramid linked to the biomass and energy flow concepts. In a pyramid of numbers, the number of consumers at each level decreases significantly, so that a single top consumer , (e.g., a polar bear or a human ), will be supported by a ...

  8. Ecological restoration - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ecological_restoration

    Restoration ecology is organized at the community level, which focuses on broader groups within ecosystems. [ 109 ] In addition, conservation biology often concentrates on vertebrate and invertebrate animals because of their salience and popularity, whereas restoration ecology concentrates on plants .

  9. Ecological stability - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ecological_stability

    In ecology, an ecosystem is said to possess ecological stability (or equilibrium) if it is capable of returning to its equilibrium state after a perturbation (a capacity known as resilience) or does not experience unexpected large changes in its characteristics across time. [1] Although the terms community stability and ecological stability are ...