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Typical values for Pr are: 0.003 for molten potassium at 975 K [1] around 0.015 for mercury; 0.065 for molten lithium at 975 K [1] around 0.16–0.7 for mixtures of noble gases or noble gases with hydrogen; 0.63 for oxygen [1] around 0.71 for air and many other gases; 1.38 for gaseous ammonia [1] between 4 and 5 for R-12 refrigerant; around 7. ...
The neutral value of the pH depends on the temperature and is lower than 7 if the temperature increases above 25 °C. The pH range is commonly given as zero to 14, but a pH value can be less than 0 for very concentrated strong acids or greater than 14 for very concentrated strong bases. [2]
The California Job Case was a compartmentalized box for printing in the 19th century, sizes corresponding to the commonality of letters. The frequency of letters in text has been studied for use in cryptanalysis, and frequency analysis in particular, dating back to the Arab mathematician al-Kindi (c. AD 801–873 ), who formally developed the method (the ciphers breakable by this technique go ...