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Predestination is a doctrine in Calvinism dealing with the question of the control that God exercises over the world. In the words of the Westminster Confession of Faith , God "freely and unchangeably ordained whatsoever comes to pass."
Double predestination, or the double decree, is the doctrine that God actively decrees both the damnation of some individuals and the salvation of those He has elected. After 411, Augustine made statements supporting this view.
Predestination in Catholicism is the Catholic Church's teachings on predestination and Catholic saints' views on it. The church believes that predestination is not based on anything external to God - for example, the grace of baptism is not merited but given freely to those who receive baptism - since predestination was formulated before the foundation of the world.
The notion that God has foreordained who will be saved is generally called predestination. The concept of predestination peculiar to Calvinism, "double-predestination", (in conjunction with limited atonement) is the most controversial expression of the doctrine. According to Reformed theology, the "good news" of the gospel of Christ is that God ...
The doctrine of predestination "does not stand at the beginning of the dogmatic system as it does in Zwingli or Beza", but, according to Fahlbusch, it "does tend to burst through the soteriological-Christological framework." [24] In contrast to some other Protestant Reformers, Calvin taught double predestination.
Augustine's theology was grounded in divine monergism, [6] and implied a double predestination. [7] Similarly, Luther's vision centered also on divine monergism, strictly applied to soteriological aspects. [8] [9] He affirmed that God governed both election to salvation and reprobation. [10] [11]
Gottschalk of Orbais (Latin: Godescalc, Gotteschalchus; c. 808 – 30 October 868) was a Saxon theologian, monk and poet.Gottschalk was an early advocate for the doctrine of double predestination, an issue that ripped through both Italy and Francia from 848 into the 850s and 860s.
Calvin's theology is best known for his doctrine of (double) predestination, which held that God had, from all eternity, providentially foreordained who would be saved and likewise who would be damned (the reprobate). Predestination was not the dominant idea in Calvin's works, but it would seemingly become so for many of his Reformed successors.