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An upstream open reading frame (uORF) is an open reading frame (ORF) within the 5' untranslated region (5'UTR) of an mRNA. uORFs can regulate eukaryotic gene expression. [1] [2] Translation of the uORF typically inhibits downstream expression of the primary ORF. However, in some genes such as yeast GCN4, translation of specific uORFs may ...
Upstream open reading frames (uORFs) in the 5′ TLs typically inhibit translation of the downstream main protein coding region (CDS). [13] [14] (See B) Translation suppression of the CDS is attributable to the 5′ to 3′ directional nature of 48S PIC scanning. After successfully translating the uORF, the ribosome dissociates from the mRNA as ...
The eukaryotic 5′ UTR also contains cis-acting regulatory elements called upstream open reading frames (uORFs) and upstream AUGs (uAUGs) and termination codons, which have a great impact on the regulation of translation . Unlike prokaryotes, 5′ UTRs can harbor introns in eukaryotes. In humans, ~35% of all genes harbor introns within the 5 ...
The ORF Finder (Open Reading Frame Finder) [16] is a graphical analysis tool which finds all open reading frames of a selectable minimum size in a user's sequence or in a sequence already in the database. This tool identifies all open reading frames using the standard or alternative genetic codes.
Multiple in-frame translation start sites: Multiple factors contribute to translation initiation, such as upstream open reading frames (uORFs), secondary structure and the sequence context around the translation initiation site. A common start site is defined within Kozak consensus sequence: (GCC) GCCACCAUGG in vertebrates.
The evolutionarily constrained open reading frame is found on a bicistronic transcript which has a downstream ORF encoding the small nuclear ribonucleoprotein polypeptide N. The upstream coding region utilizes the first three exons of the transcript, a region that has been identified as an imprinting center.
An open reading frame (ORF) is a reading frame that has the potential to be transcribed into RNA and translated into protein. It requires a continuous sequence of DNA which may include a start codon, through a subsequent region which has a length that is a multiple of 3 nucleotides, to a stop codon in the same reading frame.
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