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Formerly made of rope, typically of braided stainless steel wire, occasionally solid metal rod. Stem: a continuation of the keel upwards at the bow where the two sides of the hull meet. Stern: the aftmost part of a boat, often ending in a transom. Stern sheets a flat area or deck, inboard of the transom in a small boat. It may contain hatches ...
Frames support the hull and give the ship its shape and strength. In wooden shipbuilding, each frame is composed of several sections, so that the grain of the wood can follow the curve of the frame. Starting from the keel, these are the floor (which crosses the keel and joins the frame to the keel), the first futtock , the second futtock , the ...
The strength of ships is a topic of key interest to naval architects and shipbuilders. Ships which are built too strong are heavy, slow, and cost extra money to build and operate since they weigh more, whilst ships which are built too weakly suffer from minor hull damage and in some extreme cases catastrophic failure and sinking.
A hull is the watertight body of a ship, boat, submarine, or flying boat. The hull may open at the top (such as a dinghy), or it may be fully or partially covered with a deck. Atop the deck may be a deckhouse and other superstructures, such as a funnel, derrick, or mast. The line where the hull meets the water surface is called the waterline.
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On ships with more than one level, 'deck' refers to the level itself. The actual floor surface is called the sole; the term 'deck' refers to a structural member tying the ship's frames or ribs together over the keel. In modern ships, the interior decks are usually numbered from the primary deck, which is #1, downward and upward.
The two-chine hull (B), with a flat bottom and nearly vertical sides, was the first hard-chine design to achieve widespread use. This design provides far more stability than the single-chine hull, with minimum draft and a large cargo capacity. These characteristics make the two-chine hull popular for punts, barges, and scows.
The 5th-century book Garden of Strange Things by Liu Jingshu mentioned that a ship could allow water to enter the bottom without sinking. Archaeological evidence of bulkhead partitions has been found on a 24 m (78 ft) long Song dynasty ship dredged from the waters off the southern coast of China in 1973, the hull of the ship divided into twelve ...