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The broad crested weir at the Thorp grist mill in Thorp, Washington, US. Commonly, weirs are used to prevent flooding, measure water discharge, and help render rivers more navigable by boat. In some locations, the terms dam and weir are synonymous, but normally there is a clear distinction made between the structures. Usually, a dam is designed ...
Some varieties of flumes are used in measuring water flow of a larger channel. When used to measure the flow of water in open channels, a flume is defined as a specially shaped, fixed hydraulic structure that under free-flow conditions forces flow to accelerate in such a manner that the flow rate through the flume can be characterized by a level-to-flow relationship as applied to a single head ...
ISO 8333:1985 Liquid flow measurement in open channels by weirs and flumes – V-shaped broad-crested weirs; ISO 8343:1985 Ferronickel - Determination of silicon content - Gravimetric method; ISO/IEC 8348:2002 Information technology – Open Systems Interconnection – Network service definition; ISO 8362 Injection containers and accessories
For the Parshall flume equation used to calculate the flow rate, both empirical values C and n are known constants (with various values for each Parshall flume size) leaving Ha (depth upstream) as the only variable needing to be measured. Likewise, in the energy conservation equation, y 1 (or the depth of flow) is needed.
The geometry of a weir dictates the coefficient of discharge that passes through the crest, which is proportional to the nappe formation. [9] Engineers solve for the amount of discharge and the cross sectional area of a river to calculate the adequate shape of the weir that should be implemented.
Hydraulic jump in a rectangular channel, also known as classical jump, is a natural phenomenon that occurs whenever flow changes from supercritical to subcritical flow. In this transition, the water surface rises abruptly, surface rollers are formed, intense mixing occurs, air is entrained, and often a large amount of energy is dissipated.
A drop structure, also known as a grade control, sill, or weir, is a manmade structure, typically small and built on minor streams, or as part of a dam's spillway, to pass water to a lower elevation while controlling the energy and velocity of the water as it passes over.
Edwin Samuel Crump was the inventor of the Crump weir that is named for him. [5] The Crump weir is a two dimensional triangular weir with a horizontal crest in the transverse direction and a triangular crest shape in the stream-wise direction. [6] Crump weirs are used as measuring structures in open channels. [7]