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In medicine and medical anthropology, a culture-bound syndrome, culture-specific syndrome, or folk illness is a combination of psychiatric and somatic symptoms that are considered to be a recognizable disease only within a specific society or culture.
Latah was initially [2] considered a culture-specific startle disorder [3] [4] that was historically regarded as personal difference rather than an illness. [1] [4] Similar conditions have been recorded within other cultures and locations.
For example, koro may fit into the group of "specific culture-imposed nosophobia" (classification with cardinal sign), [22] "the genital retraction taxon" (classification with common factors between syndromes), [23] and the group with "culture-related beliefs as causes for the occurrence" (classification according to how the syndromes might be ...
This culture-bound syndrome is a social phobia based on fear and anxiety. [ citation needed ] The symptoms of this disorder include avoiding social outings and activities, rapid heartbeat , shortness of breath , panic attacks , trembling , and feelings of dread and panic when around people.
The DSM-IV-TR Glossary of Culture-Bound Syndromes includes the following disorders specific to Native Americans (ordered here by decreasing frequency of diagnostic [11]]): [3] susto, “fright” or “soul loss”; dissociative trance disorder; spirit possession; mental illness due to witchcraft; ghost sickness; iich’aa and piblotoq.
Reflecting advances in medical anthropology, DSM-5 replaced the term "culture-bound syndrome" with a set of terms covering cultural concepts of distress: cultural syndromes (which may not be bound to a specific culture but circulate across cultures); cultural idioms of distress (local modes of expressing suffering that may not be syndromes ...
Hwabyeong is known as a Korean culture-bound syndrome. [2] Hwabyeong is a colloquial name, and it refers to the etiology of the disorder rather than its symptoms or apparent characteristics. In one survey, 4.1% of the general population in a rural area in South Korea were reported as having hwabyeong.
In a 130-page report on the condition, commissioned by the government and published in 2006, a team of psychologists, political scientists and sociologists hypothesized that it was a culture-bound syndrome, a psychological illness endemic to a specific society. [50]