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mild steel cracks in the presence of alkali (e.g. boiler cracking and caustic stress corrosion cracking) and nitrates; copper alloys crack in ammoniacal solutions ( season cracking ); high-tensile steels have been known to crack in an unexpectedly brittle manner in a whole variety of aqueous environments, especially when chlorides are present.
Crack in a hardened steel due to hydrogen, observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM).. Hydrogen embrittlement is a complex process involving a number of distinct contributing micro-mechanisms, not all of which need to be present.
White etching cracks (WEC), or white structure flaking or brittle flaking, is a type of rolling contact fatigue (RCF) damage that can occur in bearing steels under certain conditions, such as hydrogen embrittlement, high stress, inadequate lubrication, and high temperature. WEC is characterised by the presence of white areas of microstructural ...
Empress (sometimes stylized EMPRESS) was a video game cracker who specializes in breaking anti-piracy software. While the true identity of Empress is unknown, she refers to herself as a young Russian woman. [1] [2] Empress has also released cracked games under the moniker C000005. [3] Empress is known as one of the few crackers who can crack ...
Duplex stainless steel is widely used in industry because it possesses excellent oxidation resistance, but it can have limited toughness due to its large ferritic grain size and embrittlement tendencies at temperatures ranging from 280 to 500 °C, especially at 475 °C, where spinodal decomposition of the supersaturated solid ferrite solution ...
Dye penetrant inspection (DP), also called liquid penetrate inspection (LPI) or penetrant testing (PT), is a widely applied and low-cost inspection method used to check surface-breaking defects in all non-porous materials (metals, plastics, or ceramics).
A common form of crevice failure occurs due to stress corrosion cracking, where a crack or cracks develop from the base of the crevice where the stress concentration is greatest. This was the root cause of the fall of the Silver Bridge over the Ohio River , in 1967 in West Virginia , where a single critical crack only about 3 mm long suddenly ...
Cracks that would normally have been invisible are detectable due to the magnetic particles clustering at the crack openings. The scale at the bottom is numbered in centimetres. Magnetic particle inspection ( MPI ) is a nondestructive testing process where a magnetic field is used for detecting surface, and shallow subsurface, discontinuities ...