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The North American Datum (NAD) is the horizontal datum now used to define the geodetic network in North America. A datum is a formal description of the shape of the Earth along with an "anchor" point for the coordinate system.
The system is based on the datums NAD 83 and NAVD 88. [3] In 2024 or 2025, [needs update] the NSRS will be modernized with a focus on Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) and geoid use. It will use the following four frames of reference, each representing a tectonic plate: [4] [5] North American Terrestrial Reference Frame of 2022 (NATRF2022)
Thus the state plane coordinate system is still useful. Originally, the state plane coordinate systems were based on the North American Datum of 1927 (NAD27). Later, the more accurate North American Datum of 1983 (NAD83) became the standard (a geodetic datum is the way a coordinate system is linked to the physical Earth). More recently there ...
The U.S. National Geodetic Survey's "State Plane Coordinate System of 1983" uses the Lambert conformal conic projection to define the grid-coordinate systems used in several states, primarily those that are elongated west to east such as Tennessee.
BeiDou Coordinate System, China Terrestrial Reference Frame (CTRF) 2000 = ITRF97 at epoch 2000.0; own implementation. GLONASS PZ-90.11 is nominally its own system, but is quite close to ITRF and uses many of the same techniques. [2] National systems: United States: WGS 84 (see above); domestic use is mainly based on NAD 83 instead.
A geodetic datum or geodetic system (also: geodetic reference datum, geodetic reference system, or geodetic reference frame, or terrestrial reference frame) is a global datum reference or reference frame for unambiguously representing the position of locations on Earth by means of either geodetic coordinates (and related vertical coordinates) or geocentric coordinates. [1]
The World Geodetic System (WGS) is a standard used in cartography, geodesy, and satellite navigation including GPS.The current version, WGS 84, defines an Earth-centered, Earth-fixed coordinate system and a geodetic datum, and also describes the associated Earth Gravitational Model (EGM) and World Magnetic Model (WMM).
Geodetic Reference System 1980: ISO 6709: Geographic point coord. 1983: NAD 83: North American Datum 1983: WGS 84: World Geodetic System 1984: NAVD 88: N. American Vertical Datum 1988: ETRS89: European Terrestrial Ref. Sys. 1989: GCJ-02: Chinese obfuscated datum 2002: Geo URI: Internet link to a point 2010