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The LD50 of LNTX-1 is determined at 0,51 mg/kg by intravenous injection of the venom in mice. [1] The IC50 value for LNTX-1 is 0,763 μM when the toxin is applied to human cells. [1] The binding of LNTX-1 to the acetylcholine receptors leads to a loss of function in neuronal and neuromuscular transmission.
By being hydrophobic and small, or inhibiting astrocyte function, some compounds including certain neurotoxins are able to penetrate into the brain and induce significant damage. In modern times, scientists and physicians have been presented with the challenge of identifying and treating neurotoxins, which has resulted in a growing interest in ...
An example is through the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAchRs), which is a receptor commonly found along the surfaces of the cells that respond to nicotine stimulation, turning them on or off. Aβ was found manipulating the level of nicotine in the brain along with the MAP kinase , another signaling receptor, to cause cell death.
Yolk sac progenitor cells require activation colony stimulating factor 1 receptor (CSF1R) for migration into the brain and differentiation into microglia. [36] Additionally, the greatest contribution to microglial repopulation is based upon its local self-renewal, both in steady state and disease, while circulating monocytes may also contribute ...
The key cellular components of the neuroimmune system are glial cells, including astrocytes, microglia, and oligodendrocytes. [1] [2] [5] Unlike other hematopoietic cells of the peripheral immune system, mast cells naturally occur in the brain where they mediate interactions between gut microbes, the immune system, and the central nervous system as part of the microbiota–gut–brain axis.
The tachykinin receptor 1 (TACR1) also known as neurokinin 1 receptor (NK1R) or substance P receptor (SPR) is a G protein coupled receptor found in the central nervous system and peripheral nervous system. The endogenous ligand for this receptor is Substance P, although it has some affinity for other tachykinins.
D 1 receptor has a high degree of structural homology to another dopamine receptor, D 5, and they both bind similar drugs. [13] As a result, none of the known orthosteric ligands is selective for the D 1 vs. the D 5 receptor, but the benzazepines generally are more selective for the D 1 and D 5 receptors versus the D 2-like family. [12]
Tropomyosin receptor kinase A (TrkA), [5] also known as high affinity nerve growth factor receptor, neurotrophic tyrosine kinase receptor type 1, or TRK1-transforming tyrosine kinase protein is a protein that in humans is encoded by the NTRK1 gene. [6] This gene encodes a member of the neurotrophic tyrosine kinase receptor (NTKR) family.