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It binds to ligand CD70, and plays a key role in regulating B-cell activation and immunoglobulin synthesis. [5] When CD27 binds CD70, a signaling cascade leads to the differentiation and clonal expansion of T cells. [11] The cascade also results in improved survival and memory of cytotoxic T cells and increased production of certain cytokines. [12]
Human isogenic disease models have been likened to 'patients in a test-tube', since they incorporate the latest research into human genetic diseases and do so without the difficulties and limitations involved in using non-human models. [2] Historically, cells obtained from animals, typically mice, have been used to model cancer-related pathways.
Oligodendrocytes are a type of glial cell, non-neuronal cells in the central nervous system.They arise during development from oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs), [8] which can be identified by their expression of a number of antigens, including the ganglioside GD3, [9] [10] [11] the NG2 chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan, and the platelet-derived growth factor-alpha receptor subunit (PDGF ...
The eukaryotic cell cycle is very complex and is one of the most studied topics, since its misregulation leads to cancers. It is possibly a good example of a mathematical model as it deals with simple calculus but gives valid results. Two research groups [1] [2] have produced several models of the cell cycle simulating several organisms. They ...
Cell-based models are mathematical models that represent biological cells as discrete entities. Within the field of computational biology they are often simply called agent-based models [1] of which they are a specific application and they are used for simulating the biomechanics of multicellular structures such as tissues. to study the influence of these behaviors on how tissues are organised ...
For a good review of the part of the history of morphogen signaling and development see Briscoe J, Making a grade: Sonic Hedgehog signalling and the control of neural cell fate. [28] In systems biology, cell-fate determination is predicted to exhibit certain dynamics, such as attractor-convergence (the attractor can be an equilibrium point ...
The exact components of a cell are determined by whether the cell is a eukaryote or prokaryote. [7] Nucleus (eukaryotic only): storage of genetic material; control center of the cell. Cytosol: component of the cytoplasm consisting of jelly-like fluid in which organelles are suspended within; Cell membrane (plasma membrane):
Escherichia coli is a gram-negative prokaryotic model organism Drosophila melanogaster, one of the most famous subjects for genetics experiments Saccharomyces cerevisiae, one of the most intensively studied eukaryotic model organisms in molecular and cell biology. A model organism is a non-human species that is extensively studied to understand ...