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A caravan (from Persian کاروان kârvân) is a group of people traveling together, often on a trade expedition. [1] Caravans were used mainly in desert areas and throughout the Silk Road , where traveling in groups helped in defense against bandits as well as in improving economies of scale in trade.
According to professor Ibrahima Baba Kaké, there were four main slavery routes to North Africa, from east to west of Africa, from the Maghreb to the Sudan, from Tripolitania to central Sudan and from Egypt to the Middle East. [87] Caravan trails, set up in the 9th century, went past the oasis of the Sahara; travel was difficult and uncomfortable.
A caravan of dromedaries in Algeria. Much of the Radhanites' overland trade between Tangier and Mesopotamia was by camel. During the Early Middle Ages, Muslim polities of the Middle East and North Africa and Christian kingdoms of Europe often banned each other's merchants from entering their ports.
Up until the early 18th century, the Crimean Khanate maintained a massive slave trade with the Ottoman Empire and the Middle East. Between 1530 and 1780, there were almost certainly one million and quite possibly as many as 1.25 million white, European Christians enslaved by the Muslims of the Barbary Coast of North Africa. [49]
Sudanese telegraph stamp depicting camel caravan (1898) Map of Bir Natrun, a stop on the trade route that was known as a valuable source of rock salt (1925) [1]. Darb El Arba'īn (Arabic: درب الاربعين) (also called the Forty Days Road, for the number of days the journey was said to take in antiquity) is the easternmost of the great north–south Trans-Saharan trade routes.
Trade through the overland caravan routes via Asia Minor and the Middle East, though at a relative trickle compared to later times, preceded the southern trade route via the Red Sea which started around the beginning of the Common Era (CE) following the reign of Augustus and his conquest of Egypt in 30 BCE. [1]
A caravan city is a city located on and deriving its prosperity from its location on a major trans-desert trade route. [2] The term is believed to have been coined by the scholar of antiquity, Michael Rostovtzeff , for his work O Blijnem Vostoke , published in English as Caravan Cities in 1932.
The Red Sea slave trade, sometimes known as the Islamic slave trade, [1] Arab slave trade, [1] or Oriental slave trade, [1] was a slave trade across the Red Sea trafficking Africans from the African continent to slavery in the Arabian Peninsula and the Middle East from antiquity until the mid-20th century.