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The attractive force draws molecules closer together and gives a real gas a tendency to occupy a smaller volume than an ideal gas. Which interaction is more important depends on temperature and pressure (see compressibility factor). In a gas, the distances between molecules are generally large, so intermolecular forces have only a small effect.
Interaction energy of an argon dimer.The long-range section is due to London dispersion forces. London dispersion forces (LDF, also known as dispersion forces, London forces, instantaneous dipole–induced dipole forces, fluctuating induced dipole bonds [1] or loosely as van der Waals forces) are a type of intermolecular force acting between atoms and molecules that are normally electrically ...
[5] [18] This large band gap (compared to germanium at 0.7 eV) [8] is due to the weak intermolecular interactions, which result in low charge carrier mobility. Some molecular solids exhibit electrical conductivity, such as TTF-TCNQ with ρ = 5 x 10 2 Ω −1 cm −1 but in such cases orbital overlap is evident in the crystal structure ...
Deviations of the compressibility factor, Z, from unity are due to attractive and repulsive intermolecular forces. At a given temperature and pressure, repulsive forces tend to make the volume larger than for an ideal gas; when these forces dominate Z is greater than unity. When attractive forces dominate, Z is less than unity.
The source of adhesive forces, according to the dispersive adhesion mechanism, is the weak interactions that occur between molecules close together. [2] These interactions include London dispersion forces, Keesom forces, Debye forces and hydrogen bonds. Individually, these attractions are not very strong, but when summed over the bulk of a ...
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The results of SFA experiments can be used to characterize the nature of intermolecular potentials and other molecular properties. Israelachvili is also well known as the author of the textbook "Intermolecular and Surface Forces," published by Academic Press. This authoritative book describes the fundamental concepts and equations applicable to ...