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The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration are used to measure in vitro activity of antimicrobial agents. They are good indicators of antimicrobial potency, but don't give any information relating to time-dependent antimicrobial killing (the so-called post antibiotic effect).
Serious side effects include ringing in the ears or loss of hearing, toxicity to kidneys, and allergic reactions to the drug. [11] Ototoxicity is a common quality among aminoglycosides, and its rate of incidence in kanamycin is around 3-10%. [12] Other side effects include: [9] Gastrointestinal effects Nausea, vomiting, diarrhea ...
Type A: augmented pharmacological effects, which are dose-dependent and predictable [5]; Type A reactions, which constitute approximately 80% of adverse drug reactions, are usually a consequence of the drug's primary pharmacological effect (e.g., bleeding when using the anticoagulant warfarin) or a low therapeutic index of the drug (e.g., nausea from digoxin), and they are therefore predictable.
Side effects of guanfacine are dose-dependent. [29]Very common (>10% incidence) adverse effects include sleepiness, tiredness, headache, and stomach ache. [30]Common (1–10% incidence) adverse effects include decreased appetite, nausea, dry mouth, urinary incontinence, and rashes.
The side effects of penicillin are bodily responses to penicillin and closely related antibiotics that do not relate directly to its effect on bacteria. A side effect is an effect that is not intended with normal dosing. [1] Some of these reactions are visible and some occur in the body's organs or blood.
The therapeutic window is the amount of a medication between the amount that gives an effect (effective dose) and the amount that gives more adverse effects than desired effects. For instance, medication with a small pharmaceutical window must be administered with care and control, e.g. by frequently measuring blood concentration of the drug ...
The most common side effects include headache, nausea, and diarrhea. [2] Rare side effects include rashes, flu-like symptoms, and infections (including by the gastrointestinal pathogen Clostridioides difficile [27]). [26] Rare instances of rabeprazole-induced liver injury (also known as hepatotoxicity) have been reported. Characteristic proton ...
Vancomycin is a glycopeptide antibiotic medication used to treat certain bacterial infections. [7] It is administered intravenously (injection into a vein) to treat complicated skin infections, bloodstream infections, endocarditis, bone and joint infections, and meningitis caused by methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. [8]