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Fifth disease, also known as erythema infectiosum and slapped cheek syndrome, [3] is a common and contagious disease caused by infection with parvovirus B19. [4] This virus was discovered in 1975 and can cause other diseases besides fifth disease. [5] Fifth disease typically presents as a rash and is most common in children.
It is the classic cause of the childhood rash called fifth disease or erythema infectiosum, or "slapped face syndrome". [5] [6] The name comes from it being the fifth in a list of historical classifications of common skin rash illnesses in children. [7] The virus was discovered by chance in 1975 by Australian virologist Yvonne Cossart.
The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) last week issued a health advisory on the seasonal respiratory virus, also called fifth disease or erythema infectiosum.
“The greatest increase was observed among children aged 5 to 9 years, from 15% during 2022 to 2024 to 40% in June 2024,” the CDC's statement reads. ... Fifth disease symptoms.
Erythema infectiosum, identified as a distinct condition in 1896. [13] "fifth disease" parvovirus B19: Confluent erythematous and edematous patches on cheeks ("slapped cheek") for 1-4 days followed by a "lacy," reticular, erythematous rash on the body. Roseola infantum (exanthem subitum) "sixth disease" HHV-6 and HHV-7
The name "sixth disease" comes from its place on the standard list of rash-causing childhood diseases, which also includes measles (first), scarlet fever (second), rubella (third), Dukes' disease (fourth, but is no longer widely accepted as distinct from scarlet fever), and erythema infectiosum (fifth). [3]
The term childhood disease refers to disease that is contracted or becomes symptomatic before the age of 18 or 21 years old. Many of these diseases can also be contracted by adults. Some childhood diseases include:
Human bocavirus 1 is a common cause of acute respiratory tract infection, especially in young children, wheezing being a common symptom. Other parvoviruses associated with different diseases in humans include human parvovirus 4 and human bufavirus, though the manner by which these viruses cause disease is unclear.