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These fruits are commonly known in English as "dragon fruit", a name used since 1963, apparently resulting from the leather-like skin and prominent scaly spikes on the fruit exterior. [4] The fruit is often designated as "Vietnamese dragon fruit" as Vietnam is the lead exporter. [5] The fruit may also be known as a strawberry pear. [2] [6]
Fruits vary in shape from round to ovoid to heart-shaped, up to 5 cm long and 4 cm wide (2.0 in × 1.6 in), weighing approximately 20 g. [ 11 ] [ 12 ] The thin, tough skin is green when immature, ripening to red or pink-red, and is smooth or covered with small sharp protuberances roughly textured.
The fruit of the pepper consists of many minuscule fruits – each about the size of a poppy seed – embedded in the surface of a flower spike that closely resembles a hazel tree catkin. Like Piper nigrum , the fruits contain the compound piperine , which contributes to their pungency.
The species is grown commercially for its yellow fruit, but is also an impressive ornamental climbing vine with perhaps the largest flowers of all cacti. The yellow skinned fruit of S. megalanthus has thorns, unlike the green, red or yellow skinned dragon fruits of S. undatus, S. monacanthus and their cultivated hybrids.
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The inflorescence is arranged in spike-like axillary racemes with the flowers pinkish cream to orange brown in color. [5] Its fruit is a shiny dark brown to almost black pod with four wing like ridges, two hard and woody ridges and two rather soft ridges, the latter two has an edible pulp. [ 5 ]
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Spike of fruits- showing in succession (from below) female flowers, male flowers, and sterile flowers forming a ring of hairs borne on the spadix. Diagram of spadix In botany , a spadix ( / ˈ s p eɪ d ɪ k s / SPAY -diks ; pl. : spadices / ˈ s p eɪ d ɪ s iː z / SPAY -dih-seez , / s p eɪ ˈ d aɪ s iː z / spay- DY -seez ) is a type of ...