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Waste is considered a resource in itself, closing the loop of resource production. [7] Recycled resources require less labor and energy to convert into new products, which reduces environmental pollution and production costs. Therefore, closed-loop recycling may be considered part of environmental sustainability programs. [8]
Industrial ecology is the study of material and energy flows through industrial systems. Focusing on connections between operators within the "industrial ecosystem", this approach aims at creating closed-loop processes in which waste is seen as input, thus eliminating the notion of undesirable by-product. [300]
Closed-loop box reuse is the process by which packaging materials can be used and reused to minimize waste. Similar and overlapping terms commonly used are closed-loop recycling , returnable packaging, reusable packaging , sustainable supply chains and circular economy .
Industrial ecology is concerned with the shifting of industrial process from linear (open loop) systems, in which resource and capital investments move through the system to become waste, to a closed loop system where wastes can become inputs for new processes. Much of the research focuses on the following areas: [5]
A closed loop system will recycle the waste back into the production process to maintain minimal levels of waste that is left to be disposed of. This is environmentally and economically friendly. Industry park Höchst - waste-to-energy plant - Industriepark Höchst - Müllverbrennungsanlage - 07
In 2008, Zero Waste was a term used to describe manufacturing and municipal waste management practices. Bea Johnson, a French American woman living in California, decided to apply it to her 4-person household. In 2009, she started the blog Zero Waste Home, and in 2010, was featured in The New York Times. [16] [17]
Loop is taking its effort to curb single-use packaging national with expansion to 48 states. Zero Waste Packaging Platform Loop Expands Across the U.S. Skip to main content
Gypsum is fully and eternally recyclable [6] and, as a consequence, gypsum waste is one of the few construction materials for which closed loop recycling is possible. Closed loop recycling of gypsum products involves the collection and processing of the gypsum waste, and the delivery of the obtained recycled gypsum to the manufacturer of gypsum ...