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Conditional mutation is a mutation that has wild-type (or less severe) phenotype under certain "permissive" environmental conditions and a mutant phenotype under certain "restrictive" conditions. For example, a temperature-sensitive mutation can cause cell death at high temperature (restrictive condition), but might have no deleterious ...
The conditional gene knockout method is often used to model human diseases in other mammals. [2] It has increased scientists’ ability to study diseases, such as cancer, that develop in specific cell types or developmental stages. [4] It is known that mutations in the BRCA1 gene are linked to breast cancer.
The permissive temperature is the temperature at which a temperature-sensitive mutant gene product takes on a normal, functional phenotype. [2] When a temperature-sensitive mutant is grown in a permissive condition, the mutant gene product behaves normally (meaning that the phenotype is not observed), even if there is a mutant allele present.
A conditional gene knockout allows gene deletion in a tissue in a tissue specific manner. This is required in place of a gene knockout if the null mutation would lead to embryonic death, [13] or a specific tissue or cell type is of specific interest. This is done by introducing short sequences called loxP sites around the gene.
Lethal alleles can be recessive, dominant, conditional, perinatal, or postnatal after an extended period of apparently normal development depending on the gene or genes involved. Lethal alleles may specifically refer to embryonically lethal alleles, in which the fetus will never survive to term.
Conditional/inducible mutation approaches are then required that first allow the mouse to develop and mature normally prior to ablation of the gene of interest. Another serious limitation is a lack of evolutive adaptations in knockout model that might occur in wild type animals after they naturally mutate.
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This approach involves targeting a specific gene with a mutation and then observing what phenotype develops. [12] The mutation can be designed to inactivate the gene or only allow it to become active under certain conditions. Conditional mutations are useful for identifying genes that are normally lethal if non-functional. [13]