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Varicose veins are veins that have become enlarged and twisted, especially within the legs, ankles and feet of an affected individual. [4] When standing, gravity pulls the blood downwards to the lower part of the body. Body mechanisms, such as vasoconstriction and valves of the veins, assist in pumping blood upwards. [5]
However, there are two exceptions: firstly, the GSV collaterals (the veins that run parallel) drain the abdominal wall and have a flow from top to bottom so that, when an examiner tests the saphenofemoral junction, a false-positive diagnosis might be made; secondly, in the flow from the sole of the foot venous network, around 10% drains to the ...
Muscle action is needed not only to keep blood flowing through the veins but also to stimulate the lymphatic system to fulfil its "overflow" function. Long-haul flights, lengthy bed-rest, immobility caused by disability and so on, are all potential causes of water retention.
B-flow ultrasonograph over a valve of the great saphenous vein, showing a venous reflux (flow toward right in the image). Video is available History and examination by a clinician for characteristic signs and symptoms are sufficient in many cases in ruling out systemic causes of venous hypertension such as hypervolemia and heart failure . [ 10 ]
Varicose veins are unlikely to be caused by crossing the legs or ankles. [17] Less commonly, but not exceptionally, varicose veins can be due to other causes, such as post-phlebitic obstruction or incontinence, venous and arteriovenous malformations. [18] Venous reflux is a significant cause. Research has also shown the importance of pelvic ...
Image credits: Judy Lujan #4. I once stopped to help a guy change a tire. He had an arm in a sling and two very young kids in his car. He thanked me saying he didn't want to hurt his arm any more ...
The electrons from the sun interact with the Earth's magnetic field and collide with various molecules in our atmosphere. "And because of those interactions eventually light is released.
Vascularity, in bodybuilding, is the condition of having many highly visible, prominent, and often extensively-ramified superficial veins. [1] The skin appears "thin"—sometimes virtually transparent—due to an extreme reduction of subcutaneous fat, allowing for maximum muscle definition. [citation needed]