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The efficiency, durability, ease, cost effectiveness, and sustainable properties [13] of these products have brought a revolutionary shift in the time consumed in construction of any structure. Construction industry is a huge energy consuming industry, and precast concrete products are and will continue to be more energy efficient than its ...
The ground floor was either concrete or traditional timber joists and floorboards; the first floor was made with traditional timber joists and floorboards. Interior walls were sometimes a mixture of conventional brick and blockwork construction or timber studs and plasterboard (9mm), with load-bearing studs to suit first floor joist spans.
Prefabricated concrete slabs are built in a factory and transported to the site, ready to be lowered into place between steel or concrete beams. They may be pre-stressed (in the factory), post-stressed (on site), or unstressed. [10] It is vital that the wall supporting structure is built to the correct dimensions, or the slabs may not fit.
The waffle slab floor system has several advantages: Better for buildings that require less vibrations – this is managed by the two way joist reinforcements that form the grid. Bigger spans can be achieved with less material, being more economical and environmentally friendly; Some people find the waffle pattern aesthetically pleasing [4]
This is a list of building materials. Many types of building materials are used in the construction industry to create buildings and structures . These categories of materials and products are used by architects and construction project managers to specify the materials and methods used for building projects .
A similar situation occurs where the I-joist crosses a main beam. Installing squash blocks (2×4 materials 1 ⁄ 16 in or 1.6 mm higher than the I-joist) alongside the I-joists transfers the load from the I-joist onto the beam. Missed nails and glue setting too fast can lead to an uneven or squeaky floor. [3]
This makes the slab much lighter than a massive solid concrete floor slab of equal thickness or strength. The reduced weight also lowers material and transportation costs. The slabs are typically 120 cm wide with standard thicknesses normally between 15 cm and 50 cm. Reinforcing steel wire rope provides bending resistance.
Prefabricated bridge elements and systems offer bridge designers and contractors significant advantages in terms of construction time, safety, environmental impact, constructibility, and cost. Prefabrication can also help minimize the impact on traffic from bridge building.
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