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Usage of IPsec Encapsulating Security Payload (ESP) in Tunnel and Transport modes. The IP Encapsulating Security Payload (ESP) [22] was developed at the Naval Research Laboratory starting in 1992 as part of a DARPA-sponsored research project, and was openly published by IETF SIPP [23] Working Group drafted in December 1993 as a security ...
Generic Routing Encapsulation: RFC 2784, RFC 2890: 0x30 48 DSR Dynamic Source Routing Protocol RFC 4728: 0x31 49 BNA Burroughs Network Architecture 0x32 50 ESP Encapsulating Security Payload: RFC 4303: 0x33 51 AH Authentication Header: RFC 4302: 0x34 52 I-NLSP Integrated Net Layer Security Protocol: TUBA 0x35 53 SwIPe SwIPe: RFC 5237: 0x36 54 NARP
Establishment of Encapsulating Security Payload (ESP) communication in transport mode. The IP protocol number for ESP is 50 (compare TCP's 6 and UDP's 17). At this point, a secure channel has been established, but no tunneling is taking place. Negotiation and establishment of L2TP tunnel between the SA endpoints.
Tunneling a TCP-encapsulating payload (such as PPP) over a TCP-based connection (such as SSH's port forwarding) is known as "TCP-over-TCP", and doing so can induce a dramatic loss in transmission performance — known as the TCP meltdown problem [6] [7] which is why virtual private network (VPN) software may instead use a protocol simpler than ...
Recur (3 bits) Recursion control bits. Flags (5 bits) Reserved for future use, set to 0. Version (3 bits) Set to 0. Protocol Type (16 bits) Indicates the ether protocol type of the encapsulated payload. Checksum (16 bits) Present if the C bit is set; contains the checksum for the GRE header and payload. Offset (16 bits)
The payload length field of IPv6 (and IPv4) has a size of 16 bits, capable of specifying a maximum length of 65 535 octets for the payload. In practice, hosts determine the maximum usable payload length using Path MTU Discovery (yielding the minimum MTU along the path from sender to receiver), to avoid having to fragment packets.
Host Identifiers (HIs) are generated with cryptographic keys, giving each device a unique identity. The protocol also uses the Encapsulating Security Payload (ESP) format for encrypting data, which ensures the integrity and confidentiality of communications.
5 Layer 3 (Network Layer) ... ESP Encapsulating Security Payload over IP or IPSec; ... ISBN 978-0-9740945-2-6. External links