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  2. Energy flow (ecology) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Energy_flow_(ecology)

    A graphic representation of energy transfer between trophic layers in an ecosystem. Energy flow is the flow of energy through living things within an ecosystem. [1] All living organisms can be organized into producers and consumers, and those producers and consumers can further be organized into a food chain.

  3. Trophic level - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trophic_level

    The efficiency with which energy or biomass is transferred from one trophic level to the next is called the ecological efficiency. Consumers at each level convert on average only about 10% of the chemical energy in their food to their own organic tissue (the ten-per cent law). For this reason, food chains rarely extend for more than 5 or 6 levels.

  4. Food web - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Food_web

    Energy flow diagrams illustrate the rates and efficiency of transfer from one trophic level into another and up through the hierarchy. [36] [37] It is the case that the biomass of each trophic level decreases from the base of the chain to the top. This is because energy is lost to the environment with each transfer as entropy increases. About ...

  5. Ecological pyramid - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ecological_pyramid

    A pyramid of energy or pyramid of productivity shows the production or turnover (the rate at which energy or mass is transferred from one trophic level to the next) of biomass at each trophic level. Instead of showing a single snapshot in time, productivity pyramids show the flow of energy through the food chain. Typical units are grams per ...

  6. Soil food web - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soil_food_web

    An example of a topological food web (image courtesy of USDA) [1]. The soil food web is the community of organisms living all or part of their lives in the soil. It describes a complex living system in the soil and how it interacts with the environment, plants, and animals.

  7. Consumer (food chain) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Consumer_(food_chain)

    In an ecosystem, energy is transferred from level to another as food. A balance in these transfers is vital to the health and stability of an ecosystem. [4] Consumers balance the food chain in an ecosystem by keeping plant populations at a reasonable number.

  8. If It Seems Like Everyone Has Norovirus, It's Because They ...

    www.aol.com/seems-everyone-norovirus-because...

    The CDC reported 91 outbreaks of the virus for the week of Dec. 5, up from 69 the previous week — and more than double the previous year’s 41 outbreaks. And on Dec. 23, ...

  9. Marine food web - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marine_food_web

    The organisms in each chain are grouped into trophic levels, based on how many links they are removed from the primary producers. The length of the chain, or trophic level, is a measure of the number of species encountered as energy or nutrients move from plants to top predators. [179]