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Ankylosing spondylitis (AS) is a systemic rheumatic disease, meaning it affects the entire body. 1–2% of individuals with the HLA-B27 genotype develop the disease. [17] Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF α) and interleukin 1 (IL-1) are also implicated in ankylosing spondylitis. Autoantibodies specific for AS have not been identified.
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HLA-B27 is a polymorphic form of the HLA-B molecule found in up to 95% of people with ankylosing spondylitis of European ancestry, [16] [17] 70% with reactive arthritis, [18] 60% with psoriatic spondylitis, [12] 25% with peripheral psoriatic arthritis, [17] and 70% with spondylitis associated with inflammatory bowel disease.
When involving inflammation, it can be called spondylitis. In contrast, a spondyloarthropathy is a condition involving the vertebral joints, but many conditions involve both spondylopathy and spondyloarthropathy. Examples include ankylosing spondylitis and spondylosis.
The term itself is an umbrella term characterizing a diverse disease family united by shared clinical and genetic features, such as the involvement of the axial skeleton. [2] The 2009 introduced term axial spondyloarthritis is a preferred term nowadays and substitutes the old term ankylosing spondylitis. [3]
Spondylitis is an inflammation of the vertebrae. It is a form of spondylopathy . In many cases, spondylitis involves one or more vertebral joints , as well, which itself is called spondylarthritis .
Ankylosing spondylitis is a type of arthritis in which there is long-term inflammation of the joints of the spine. [2] Other forms of arthritis may sometimes also lead to ankylosis, including rheumatoid arthritis and reactive arthritis; Osteoarthritis usually confers osteophyte formation, which may eventually fuse across joints. Osteoarthritis ...
Along with reactive arthritis, psoriatic arthritis, and idiopathic ankylosing spondylitis, this type of arthritis is categorized as a seronegative spondyloarthropathy. [4] Other gastrointestinal disorders like Whipple's disease, celiac disease, and intestinal bypass surgery for severe obesity can also cause joint involvement. The pathogenesis ...