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Extent of colonization by European, American, Ottoman, and Japanese powers, 1492–2007 Map of the year each country achieved independence. The historical phenomenon of colonization is one that stretches around the globe and across time.
Empires in World History: Power and the Politics of Difference (2011), Very wide-ranging coverage from Rome to the 1980s; 511pp; Cotterell, Arthur. Western Power in Asia: Its Slow Rise and Swift Fall, 1415–1999 (2009) popular history; excerpt; Dodge, Ernest S. Islands and Empires: Western Impact on the Pacific and East Asia (1976) Furber, Holden.
A factory entrepôt, a basic example of colonialism illustrating its different elements, hierarchies and impact on the land and people (the Dutch V.O.C. factory in Hugli-Chuchura, Bengal, in 1665) Colonialism is the advancement of control over and exploitation of land and people by separation, through another and often foreign group.
The first French colonial empire stretched to over 10,000,000 km 2 (3,900,000 sq mi) at its peak in 1710, which was the second largest colonial empire in the world, after the Spanish Empire. [33] [34] In the French colonial regions, the focus of the economy was on sugar plantations in the French West Indies.
The colonial history of the United States covers the period of European colonization of North America from the early 16th century until the uniting of the Thirteen English Colonies and creation of the United States in 1776, during the Revolutionary War.
The first phase of European colonization of Southeast Asia took place throughout the 16th and 17th centuries. Where new European powers competing to gain monopoly over the spice trade, as this trade was very valuable to the Europeans due to high demand for various spices such as pepper , cinnamon , nutmeg , and cloves .
Subsequent colonial empires included the French, English, Dutch and Japanese empires. By the mid-17th century, the Tsardom of Russia, continued later as the Russian Empire, the Soviet Union, and modern Russia, became the largest contiguous state in the world and remains so to this day. Colonial powers in 1898 [a]
Colonization (British English: colonisation) is a process of establishing occupation of or control over foreign territories or peoples for the purpose of cultivation, exploitation, trade and possibly settlement, setting up coloniality and often colonies, commonly pursued and maintained by, but distinct from, imperialism, mercantilism, or colonialism.