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Below an example is given of an application of the product line engineering process, based on a real experience of Nokia. Nokia produces different types of products. Among them is a mobile phones product family, currently containing 25 to 30 new products every year.
[33] In "Non-Modernization" (2022), they further argue that modernization theory cannot account for various paths of political development "because it posits a link between economics and politics that is not conditional on institutions and culture and that presumes a definite endpoint—for example, an 'end of history'."
Rostow's model is descendent from the liberal school of economics, emphasizing the efficacy of modern concepts of free trade and the ideas of Adam Smith.It also denies Friedrich List’s argument that countries reliant on exporting raw materials may get “locked in”, and be unable to diversify, in that Rostow's model states that countries may need to depend on a few raw material exports to ...
America is facing a looming supplier pipeline challenge–but tackling it would have huge economic and social payoffs. America’s new industrial revolution is creating a procurement economy.
The company can extend its product line down-market stretch, up-market stretch, or both ways. Product line extensions are a process where companies with an established brand alter the factors of a product or products to satisfy a refined segment in the market. [1] There are two types of product line extensions, horizontal and vertical.
Fordism is an industrial engineering and manufacturing system that serves as the basis of modern social and labor-economic systems that support industrialized, standardized mass production and mass consumption.
Modernization theory observes traditions and pre-existing institutions of so-called "primitive" societies as obstacles to modern economic growth. Modernization which is forced from outside upon a society might induce violent and radical change, but according to modernization theorists it is generally worth this side effect.
Hotelling's law is an observation in economics that in many markets it is rational for producers to make their products as similar as possible. This is also referred to as the principle of minimum differentiation as well as Hotelling's linear city model.