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Sanskrit was a spoken language in the educated and the elite classes, but it was also a language that must have been understood in a wider circle of society because the widely popular folk epics and stories such as the Ramayana, the Mahabharata, the Bhagavata Purana, the Panchatantra and many other texts are all in the Sanskrit language. [121]
Indo-European family tree in order of first attestation Indo-European language family tree based on "Ancestry-constrained phylogenetic analysis of Indo-European languages" by Chang et al. [38] Membership of languages in the Indo-European language family is determined by genealogical relationships, meaning that all members are presumed ...
This era saw Sanskrit become the predominant language for royal and religious records, documenting donations, public works, and the glorification of rulers. In South India, inscriptions such as those from Nagarjunakonda and Amaravati illustrate early use in Buddhist and Shaivite contexts, transitioning to exclusive Sanskrit use from the 4th ...
(For some languages, especially Sanskrit, the basic stem is given in place of the nominative.) Verbs are given in their "dictionary form". The exact form given depends on the specific language: For the Germanic languages and for Welsh, the infinitive is given.
Endings may be added directly to the root, or more frequently and especially in the later language, to a stem formed by the addition of a suffix to it. [1] Sanskrit is a highly inflected language that preserves all the declensional types found in Proto-Indo-European, including a few residual heteroclitic r/n-stems. [2] [3]
The Kharoṣṭhī script, also known as the Gāndhārī script, is an ancient abugida (a kind of alphabetic script) used by the Gandhara culture of ancient northwest India to write the Gāndhārī and Sanskrit languages. It was in use from the 4th century BCE until it died out in its homeland around the 3rd century CE.
The language used in around 70 Southern Brahmi inscriptions discovered in the 20th century have been identified as a Prakrit language. [ 161 ] [ 162 ] In English, the most widely available set of reproductions of Brahmi texts found in Sri Lanka is Epigraphia Zeylanica ; in volume 1 (1976), many of the inscriptions are dated to the 3rd–2nd ...
Vedic Sanskrit, also simply referred as the Vedic language, is an ancient language of the Indo-Aryan subgroup of the Indo-European language family. It is attested in the Vedas and related literature [ 1 ] compiled over the period of the mid- 2nd to mid-1st millennium BCE. [ 2 ]