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Experiments of the adaption of microbes in space have yielded unpredictable results. While sometimes the microorganism may weaken, they can also increase in their disease-causing potency. [1] It is possible to classify these microorganisms into two groups, the human-borne and the extremophiles.
The Space Shuttle Columbia was lost as it returned from a two-week mission when previously detected damage to the shuttle's thermal protection system (TPS) resulted in the spacecraft breaking apart during reentry at an altitude of just under 65 km and a speed of about Mach 19. Investigation revealed that a piece of foam insulation had fallen ...
In the case of forward contamination, contamination by multicellular life (e.g. lichens) is unlikely to occur for robotic missions, but it becomes a consideration in crewed missions to Mars. [2] Current space missions are governed by the Outer Space Treaty and the COSPAR guidelines for planetary protection. Forward contamination is prevented ...
It successfully carried science and technology experiments for about 5.7 years that have revealed a broad and detailed collection of space environmental data. LDEF's 69 months in space provided scientific data on the long-term effects of space exposure on materials, components and systems that has benefited NASA spacecraft designers to this day ...
Mars atmospheric entry is the entry into the atmosphere of Mars. High velocity entry into Martian air creates a CO 2 -N 2 plasma, as opposed to O 2 -N 2 for Earth air. [ 1 ] Mars entry is affected by the radiative effects of hot CO 2 gas and Martian dust suspended in the air. [ 2 ]
The space shuttle project was forged in the optimism of NASA’s Apollo program, which landed 12 astronauts on the surface of the moon and bested America’s Soviet rivals during the Cold War.
Mars-1 was the first spacecraft launched to Mars in 1962, [266] but communication was lost while en route to Mars. With Mars-2 and Mars-3 in 1971–1972, information was obtained on the nature of the surface rocks and altitude profiles of the surface density of the soil, its thermal conductivity, and thermal anomalies detected on the surface of ...
Visual Monitoring Camera image of Beagle 2 as it heads off to Mars Beagle 2 's landing site was a 174 by 106 km (108 by 66 mi) landing ellipse within Isidis Planitia basin. [21] Mars Express was launched from Baikonur on 2 June 2003 [14] at 17:45 UTC. Beagle 2 was initially mounted on the top deck of the European Space Agency's Mars Express ...