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Transubstantiation – the real presence of Jesus in the Eucharistic Adoration at Saint Thomas Aquinas Cathedral in Reno, Nevada. Transubstantiation (Latin: transubstantiatio; Greek: μετουσίωσις metousiosis) is, according to the teaching of the Catholic Church, "the change of the whole substance of bread into the substance of the Body of Christ and of the whole substance of wine ...
Consubstantiation is a Christian theological doctrine that (like transubstantiation) describes the real presence of Christ in the Eucharist.It holds that during the sacrament, the substance of the body and blood of Christ are present alongside the substance of the bread and wine, which remain present.
Baruch (de) Spinoza [b] (24 November 1632 – 21 February 1677), also known under his Latinized pen name Benedictus de Spinoza, was a Dutch-Jewish philosopher.A leading philosopher of the Dutch Golden Age, [15] Spinoza significantly influenced modern biblical criticism, 17th-century rationalism, and Dutch intellectual culture, establishing himself as one of the most important and radical ...
Irenaeus believed that Jesus was the physical embodiment of God; the son is the image of the father. As such, humans represent the image of God not only in soul, but in flesh as well. This view is in opposition to the more accepted view of Origen of Alexandria, who believed that the physical body had no part in the image-relationship. [21]
[28] Keith Mathison coined the word "suprasubstantiation" (in distinction to transubstantiation or consubstantiation) to describe Calvin's doctrine of the Lord's Supper. [29] [30] Calvin believed in infant baptism, and devoted a chapter in his Institutes to the subject. Calvin believed in a real spiritual presence of Christ at the Eucharist. [31]
Berengar of Tours, engraving by Henrik Hondius from Jacob Verheiden, Praestantium aliquot theologorum (1602).. Berengar of Tours (died 6 January 1088), in Latin Berengarius Turonensis, was an 11th-century French Christian theologian and archdeacon of Angers, a scholar whose leadership of the cathedral school at Chartres set an example of intellectual inquiry through the revived tools of ...
When asked about transubstantiation during his questioning, he repeated only his belief in the Real Presence. [16] When asked if the host was still bread even after consecration, he answered only: "I believe that the host is the real body of Christ in the form of bread".
His students and disciples extensively edited his papers, often confusing them with works by other writers, in many cases leading to misattribution and confused transmission. Most 13th-century Franciscans followed Bonaventura , but the influence of Scotus (as well as that of his arch-rival William of Ockham ) spread in the fourteenth century.