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The Han dynasty established the first independent naval force in China, the Tower Ship Navy. Although naval battles took place before the 12th century, such as the large-scale Three Kingdoms Battle of Chibi in the year 208, it was during the Song dynasty (960–1279) that the Chinese established a permanent, standing navy in 1132. [3]
Armed soldiers and musicians from the Han dynasty, c. 150 BC. Beginning in the Han, Chinese warships had changed from clinker built (overlapping planks) to carvel built (side-by-side planks) construction, and multiple layers of superstructure were added. Anchors, rudders, sweeps and sails had become standard for warships.
Column headings include: "Type" (i.e. Chinese class designation), the types "NATO designation", the ships "Pennant number" (or hull number), the ships name in English and Chinese (Han 中文), ships "Displacement" in tonnes, and the "Fleet" in which it serves (e.g. North Sea Fleet, South Sea Fleet and East Sea Fleet).
The Battle of Red Cliffs, also known as the Battle of Chibi, was a decisive naval battle in China that took place during the winter of AD 208–209. [4] It was fought on the Yangtze River between the forces of warlords controlling different parts of the country during the end of the Han dynasty.
A Song dynasty louchuan with a trebuchet, depicted in the Wujing Zongyao. Louchuan (traditional Chinese: 樓船; simplified Chinese: 楼船; pinyin: lóuchuán; lit. 'tower ships') were a type of Chinese naval vessels, primarily a floating fortress, which have seen use since the Han dynasty.
The Han dynasty [a] was an imperial dynasty of China (202 BC – 9 AD, 25–220 AD) established by Liu Bang and ruled by the House of Liu. The dynasty was preceded by the short-lived Qin dynasty (221–206 BC) and a warring interregnum known as the Chu–Han Contention (206–202 BC), and it was succeeded by the Three Kingdoms period (220–280 AD).
Han dynasty ships traveled as far as India, expanding the horizon for new foreign markets for Chinese goods and services through maritime trade within the orbit of the Indian Ocean. [39] Trade relationships were also established between China and foreign empires through the conquered territories.
This is a list of Chinese naval vessels from the Qing Dynasty to the end of World War II (1644-1945), including vessels of the Imperial Chinese Navy (1875-1912), the Republican Beiyang Fleet (1912-1928) and the Republic of China Navy (1924-1945):