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Photosensitization, [3] [15] GI disturbances, "allergic reactions, fatigue, dizziness, confusion, dry mouth" [15] Valerian: garden valerian, garden heliotrope, all-heal Valeriana officinalis "drowsiness, GI upset, headache, palpitations, insomnia", [3] oversedation, overstimulation [16] Vasambu sweet flag Acorus calamus: Vomiting and nausea [22 ...
Many of these plants are used intentionally as psychoactive drugs, for medicinal, religious, and/or recreational purposes. Some have been used ritually as entheogens for millennia. [1] [2] The plants are listed according to the specific psychoactive chemical substances they contain; many contain multiple known psychoactive compounds.
Entheogenic drugs and the archaeological record; Hallucinogenic fish; List of plants used for smoking; List of psychoactive substances and precursor chemicals derived from genetically modified organisms; List of psychoactive substances derived from artificial fungi biotransformation; List of substances used in rituals; Medicinal fungi
0.01% Nicotine was reported from leaves, but identity of the plant was not certain; [66] claims of DMT and NMT in the plant [67] require verification or a proper reference Acacia rigidula 0.025% alkaloids from leaves, including N-methyl-phenethylamine and N-methyl-tyramine (both tentatively identified). [ 14 ]
Psychoactive plants have been used ritually (e.g., peyote as an entheogen), medicinally (e.g., opium as an analgesic), and therapeutically (e.g., cannabis as a drug) for thousands of years. [2] Hence, the sociocultural and economic significance of psychoactive plants is enormous.
Hyoscyamine can be extracted from plants of the family Solanaceae, notably Datura stramonium. As hyoscyamine is a direct precursor in the plant biosynthesis of hyoscine, it is produced via the same metabolic pathway. [18] The biosynthesis of hyoscine begins with the decarboxylation of L-ornithine to putrescine by ornithine decarboxylase (EC 4.1 ...
Berberine, a plant compound traditionally used in herbal medicine, is today commonly stocked on the shelves of health food stores and pharmacies as a supplement. Beyond weight loss, berberine also ...
Over the years 2017–2021, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) issued warning letters to numerous herbalism companies for illegally marketing products under "conditions that cause them to be drugs under section 201(g)(1) of the Act [21 U.S.C. § 321(g)(1)], because they are intended for use in the diagnosis, cure, mitigation, treatment ...