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The medial lemniscus, also known as Reil's band or Reil's ribbon (for German anatomist Johann Christian Reil), is a large ascending bundle of heavily myelinated axons that decussate in the brainstem, specifically in the medulla oblongata. The medial lemniscus is formed by the crossings of the internal arcuate fibers.
Medial medullary syndrome, also known as inferior alternating syndrome, hypoglossal alternating hemiplegia, lower alternating hemiplegia, [1] or Dejerine syndrome, [2] is a type of alternating hemiplegia characterized by a set of clinical features resulting from occlusion of the anterior spinal artery.
Tachycardia-dependent bundle branch block; A simple way to quickly differentiate between the two types is to note the deflection of the QRS complex in the V1 lead. A (V1) QRS segment deflected down indicates left bundle branch block, while a deflection up indicates right bundle branch block. In both types, the QRS is wide (> 0.12 seconds).
Left bundle branch block (LBBB) is a conduction abnormality in the heart that can be seen on an electrocardiogram (ECG). [1] In this condition, activation of the left ventricle of the heart is delayed, which causes the left ventricle to contract later than the right ventricle .
So if the block happens on the right side, it’s referred to as a right bundle branch block. So with this type, the electrical signal starts at the SA node, contracts the atria, moves through the AV node, splits at the bundle of His, and then moves down the left bundle branch but is blocked on the right bundle branch.
Atrioventricular block (AV block) is a type of heart block that occurs when the electrical signal traveling from the atria, or the upper chambers of the heart, to ventricles, or the lower chambers of the heart, is impaired.
The bundle branches were separately described by Retzer and Braeunig as early as 1904, but their physiological function remained unclear and their role in the electrical conduction system of the heart remained unknown until Sunao Tawara published his monograph on Das Reizleitungssystem des Säugetierherzens (English: The Conduction System of the Mammalian Heart) in 1906. [4]
The posterior inferior cerebellar artery (PICA) is the largest branch of the vertebral artery. It is one of the three main arteries that supply blood to the cerebellum, a part of the brain. Blockage of the posterior inferior cerebellar artery can result in a type of stroke called lateral medullary syndrome.