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Citalopram, sold under the brand name Celexa among others, is an antidepressant of the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) class. [7] [10] It is used to treat major depressive disorder, obsessive compulsive disorder, panic disorder, and social phobia. [7] The antidepressant effects may take one to four weeks to occur. [7]
This is a complete list of clinically approved prescription antidepressants throughout the world, as well as clinically approved prescription drugs used to augment antidepressants or mood stabilizers, by pharmacological and/or structural classification.
The knowledge of MAOIs began with the serendipitous discovery that iproniazid was a potent MAO inhibitor (MAOI). [45] Originally intended for the treatment of tuberculosis, in 1952, iproniazid's antidepressant properties were discovered when researchers noted that the depressed patients given iproniazid experienced a relief of their depression.
More severe symptoms include fever, seizures, irregular heartbeat, delirium, and coma. [76] [77] [11] If signs or symptoms arise, discontinue treatment with serotonergic agents immediately. [76] It is recommended to washout 4 to 5 half-lives of the serotonergic agent before using an MAO inhibitor. [78]
An atypical antidepressant is any antidepressant medication that acts in a manner that is different from that of most other antidepressants. Atypical antidepressants include agomelatine, bupropion, iprindole, mianserin, mirtazapine, nefazodone, opipramol, tianeptine, and trazodone.
The pharmacology of antidepressants is not entirely clear.. The earliest and probably most widely accepted scientific theory of antidepressant action is the monoamine hypothesis (which can be traced back to the 1950s), which states that depression is due to an imbalance (most often a deficiency) of the monoamine neurotransmitters (namely serotonin, norepinephrine and dopamine). [1]
In terms of pharmacodynamics, selegiline acts as a monoamine oxidase (MAO) inhibitor. [13] [7] [19] [2] It is a selective inhibitor of monoamine oxidase B (MAO-B) at lower doses but additionally inhibits monoamine oxidase A (MAO-A) at higher doses.
Rasagiline acts as an inhibitor of the enzyme monoamine oxidase (MAO) and hence is a monoamine oxidase inhibitor (MAOI). [2] More specifically, it is a selective inhibitor of monoamine oxidase B (MAO-B). [2] The drug is thought to work by increasing levels of the monoamine neurotransmitter dopamine in the brain. [2]