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The pattern of seven-day weeks repeats over a two-year cycle, i.e., the calendar year always begins on a Sunday in odd-numbered years, thus effecting a perpetual calendar for Mars. [ 27 ] Whereas previous proposals for a Martian calendar had not included an epoch, American astronomer I. M. Levitt developed a more complete system in 1954.
The basic time periods from which the calendar is constructed are the Martian solar day (sometimes called a sol) and the Martian vernal equinox year.The sol is 39 minutes 35.244 seconds longer than the Terrestrial solar day, and the Martian vernal equinox year is 668.5907 sols in length (which corresponds to 686.9711 days on Earth).
A Martian year is approximately 668.6 sols, equivalent to approximately 687 Earth days [1] or 1.88 Earth years. The sol was adopted in 1976 during the Viking Lander missions and is a measure of time mainly used by NASA when, for example, scheduling the use of a Mars rover .
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Notes (Mars) Eonothem: Eon: not used for Mars Erathem: Era: not used for Mars System: Period: 3 total; 10 8 to 10 9 years in length Series: Epoch: 8 total; 10 7 to 10 8 years in length Stage: Age: not used for Mars Chronozone: Chron: smaller than an age/stage; not used by the ICS timescale
NASA’s Perseverance Mars rover used its right-front navigation camera to capture this first view over the rim of Jezero Crater on Dec. 10, 2024, the 1,354th Martian day, or sol, of the mission.
While astronomers say it’s not a “perihelic opposition,” which happens every 15-17 years and only occurs when Mars is at its closest to Earth while also reaching the closest point to the sun ...
Curiosity rover on Mars (5 August 2015) The Mars Science Laboratory and its rover, Curiosity, were launched from Earth on 26 November 2011. As of February 7, 2025, Curiosity has been on the planet Mars for 4446 sols (4568 total days; 12 years, 185 days) since landing on 6 August 2012. (See Current status.)