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Geologic time shown in a diagram called a geological clock, showing the relative lengths of the eons of Earth's history and noting major events The geological history of Earth follows the major geological events in Earth's past based on the geologic time scale , a system of chronological measurement based on the study of the planet's rock ...
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Historical geology or palaeogeology is a discipline that uses the principles and methods of geology to reconstruct the geological history of Earth. [1] Historical geology examines the vastness of geologic time, measured in billions of years, and investigates changes in the Earth , gradual and sudden, over this deep time .
The geologic history of Earth's Moon has been divided into a time scale based on geomorphological markers, namely impact cratering, volcanism, and erosion. This process of dividing the Moon's history in this manner means that the time scale boundaries do not imply fundamental changes in geological processes, unlike Earth's geologic time scale.
This questioning represented a turning point in the study of the Earth. It was now possible to study the history of the Earth from a scientific perspective without religious preconceptions. With the application of scientific methods to the investigation of the Earth's history, the study of geology could become a distinct field of science.
The geological time scale (GTS), as defined by international convention, [3] depicts the large spans of time from the beginning of Earth to the present, and its divisions chronicle some definitive events of Earth history. Earth formed around 4.54 billion years ago, approximately one-third the age of the universe, by accretion from the solar nebula.
The geological time scale encompasses the history of the Earth. [13] It is bracketed at the earliest by the dates of the first Solar System material at 4.567 Ga [14] (or 4.567 billion years ago) and the formation of the Earth at 4.54 Ga [15] [16] (4.54 billion years), which is the beginning of the Hadean eon – a division of geological time.
1830 – Sir Charles Lyell publishes book, Principles of Geology, which describes the world as being several hundred million years old; 1837 – Louis Agassiz begins his glaciation studies which eventually demonstrate that the Earth has had at least one ice age; 1841 – August Breithaupt, Vollstandiges Handbuch der Mineralogie